Besaran, Satuan, Dimensi, dan Pengukuran • Part 1: Besaran Pokok dan Besaran Turunan

Hello everyone, welcome back to my channel, Christian Sutantyo, on Jendela Science channel. This channel is for those of you who want to learn about Math, Physics, and Chemistry for high school. In this video, we will discuss about the Physics of high school, which is about the size, unity, dimension, and measurement. In this first part, we will learn about the size of the root and the size of the derivative. For the next part, you can click the link in the playlist on the top right, or you can also click the link in the description to watch the video.

To get a complete understanding, make sure to watch this video from beginning to end. Before we start, don't forget to click subscribe by pressing the button on the bottom right. And don't forget to press the bell so you don't miss our latest videos. Okay, let's get started. Bigger

So what is a measure? A measure is anything that can be measured and has value, and can be stated in numbers and has a certain unit. So here the important thing is that it can be measured and has value, so there are numbers and units.

For example, length. Length is a measure because it can be measured. What is the measuring tool? A ruler, a micrometer, a screw, and so on. Then, for example, mass. Can mass be measured? Yes, it can. What is the measuring tool? A scale or a ruler. The value can be measured. What is the unit? The unit is kilograms, grams, tons, and so on. Then, for example, the size of the consumer's satisfaction. That is something that cannot be measured.

It doesn't have values and units. Next, the major is divided into two, namely the major and the minor. The major is a major that is not reduced from other majors and its units are established internationally. While the minor is a major that is reduced or derived from the major. We will discuss it one by one later. There are seven major major, there are many minor major. Okay, let's go here first.

Scalar magnification is a magnification that only has a large, no direction. For example, long, time, energy, and so on. If it's a vector magnification, it's a magnification that has a large and a direction. For example, the speed of movement, the speed of movement, and so on. So what differentiates between scalar magnification and vector magnification is the direction. Scalar magnification has no direction, vector magnification has direction. So for example, the movement is 3 meters. Where is 3 meters? To the left.

to the right, to the front, to the back, it must be clear. The speed is also the same. The style too. For example, the style is 10 Nm. Where does the 10 Nm go? To the left, to the right, to the front, to the back, to the top, to the bottom, it must be clear. If it's long, it's 3 meters long, it doesn't need to be directed. The time, for example, is 25 seconds, it doesn't need to be directed either. Do you understand? This is the basic difference between the scale and the vector scale. Okay, next we go to the main scale.

In the 7th grade, you have already learned that there are 7 kinds of basic dimensions. We will review this and further explain it. The first is the mass, the symbol is M. The SI or international unit is kilograms. The measurement is the scale. There is one thing that will be introduced in this 10th grade, namely dimension. The dimension of the mass is M. The way to write dimension is exactly like this, it must be given a square.

So, you can't just use M, you must have the curve. Then, the second one, the length, the symbol is L, the unit of SI is meter, the measuring instrument is MISTAR, JANKA SORONG, MICROMETER SCRUB, the dimension is L. Then, the time, the symbol is T, the unit of SI is SECON, the measuring instrument is STOCKWATCH, the dimension is T.

The fourth is temperature, the symbol is T, the unit is SI, Kelvin or K. The measuring instrument is a thermometer, the dimension is theta. Be careful between time and temperature. Often the temperature is T, so the dimension is T. Wrong. Dimension T is the time. If it's temperature, the dimension is theta. Then the fifth is the square, the symbol is I, the unit is SI, the measuring instrument is ampermeter, the dimension is I. The sixth is the number of particles.

the symbol is N, the unit of SI is MOL, the dimension is N. And lastly, the intensity of light, the symbol is I as well. So this is the same, the symbol of the force and intensity of light are the same, the unit of SI is CANDELA, but the dimension is different. If it was I, now it's J. Okay, you understand this? Next, we go to the magnitude of the descent. So before we discuss more about the magnitude of the descent, I want to review a little about the dimension earlier. Okay, if earlier in the magnitude of the main,

I only explain, oh if the dimension of the dimension of time is m, the dimension of time is l, the dimension of time is t, and so on. So what is the function of the dimension? This will be seen in the dimension of descent. So, like this. What is the descent dimension? The dimension that is descended or comes from the dimension of the main dimension. Here is the function of the dimension. The dimension of the descent dimension shows how the descent dimension is arranged from the main dimensions.

So, it's like it's being derived from any size of a tree or from any size of a tree. Okay? For example, the first one, for example, there's a space here. How do we determine the dimension of a space? We need to know what the term "space" is. So, the point is we need to know the term. Space in physics is labeled as "a", short for area in English. Now, the term "space" depends on the structure.

Let's say, for example, the square is S squared. Side times side, right? If the square is long, it can also be B times L, long times wide. If, for example, we build a circle, it means PR squared. There are three angles, a line, and so on. Let's just take three examples. Okay, now let's try the S squared. S squared. S is side, okay? So, what is the dimension of the side? The dimension is L because the side is also long. Do you understand?

So, actually, if you want to be long, wide, high, base, side, diameter, fingers, basically that is long. So, basically, long is like a common name. Wide, high, side, fingers, diameter, are like a special name. All of that is the dimension of L. So, if S is square, the dimension is L squared. Next, P times L, long times wide. Long is L. Wide is also L.

So L times L is L squared. Then circle, P R squared. Here P is a constant. Constant doesn't have dimension. So we don't consider P, we just look at R squared. R fingers means L too, so it's L squared. If we look at it here, both in terms of the rectangle, the long rectangle, and the circle, or other buildings, all the dimensions are L squared. Okay? You get it?

Now we continue to the volume. The volume also has many formulas depending on what it is built. We take some examples. For example, if it is a dome, it means the third-floor side, S-floor. If it is a block, P times L times T, length times width times height. For example, a bank, a bank means PR squared T. We look for the dimension. S-floor 3 means L-floor 3, right? P times L times T means L times L times L. Okay, same as L-floor 3.

pi r^2 t, pi doesn't have dimension, so r^2 is l^2, t is l. So l^2 times l, the result is also l^3. So the dimension of volume is l^3. You should understand how to determine the dimension of the magnitude of the descent. Next, the mass of the type. What is the formula for mass of the type? The formula for mass of the type is rho = m/v, mass per volume.

Mass is the dimension of M. V, volume, we have already found the dimension of L^3, so M per L^3. The way to write dimension is not to have a dimension that is placed below or as a denominator. So if you find a shape like this, M per L^3, then you have to raise L^3, so it becomes M L^-3.

Then, what is the speed? The symbol is V. The formula is distance per time, S per T. What is the distance? The distance is also long. So L per T is time. Time is the dimension of T. So L per T, T is mentioned, so we have to increase it to L T minus 1. Okay? Do you understand? So if you look here, the mass of the type

speed, and also width and volume, we can see that the dimension of mass is mL^-3. So we can guess that mass here is arranged from the dimension of mass and length, because there is m and there is L. The dimension of speed is Lt^-1. So this speed is derived from the dimension of length and time, because there is L and T.

So, more or less, that's the use of dimension. So, we can know which dimension is the origin of this dimension. Okay, let's go to the next dimension. Here, there is acceleration. What is the dimension? Let's write the formula first. A, acceleration. What is the formula? Acceleration is the change in the speed per change in time. So, delta V times delta T.

Okay, now, delta here indicates a change, so we don't have to consider delta, we just consider v/t, to find the dimension. So, what is the dimension of v or the speed? In the previous slide, we have already searched, which is Lt-1. Okay, then here, delta t is the time, so it's per t again. Okay, now, t goes up, which means it becomes -1 again, right? So, L times t times -1 times t times -1, which means L

t - 2. Okay? Next, we go to the formula. You have learned the formula in high school. The symbol is F. The formula is M times A. Okay? M is the time, the magnitude. So, M. While A is the magnitude of the acceleration. This one. We just looked for it. lt - 2. Enter it here. lt - 2. Okay, it's simple. So, the result is mlt - 2.

Okay, let's go to the pressure. You have also learned about pressure in high school. Pressure is the symbol of P. What is the formula? F/A, the width of the pattern. The pattern, we can see on the left side, is M L T -2. Then, the width is L squared. We have discussed it before. Here, L/L squared means L/1 is reduced by 2. Because it is divided, the value is reduced. It means M

L is -1, because 1 is divided by 2, so it's -1. T is -2. Okay? Understood? Next, we'll go to the momentum. Maybe this momentum is still unfamiliar to you. The symbol is Tau. I'll give you Tau. This is Tau. Then what's the formula? The formula is F times R. F is momentum. R is momentum.

The length of the line means the distance. Distance means length. The dimension of the line moment is F. So, M T - 2. The length of the line means L. Because it's length. L times L, L squared. So, M L squared T - 2. Next.

Next, we go to business. You have also learned that business in high school is called W. The formula is F times S. The formula is the formula for the ratio of the two times the change. So, what is the ratio here? It was m, L, T minus 2. The change means the distance, so it includes the length. So, here is L. The result is m, L times L, L squared, T minus 2.

So if you look at the dimension of business, it is the same as the dimension of the moment of change. So it can happen like this, two different sizes have the same dimension. Next, kinetic energy, you also know this, Eka. What is the formula? You have read in the SMP, half mv squared. Here, half is also a constant, so it doesn't need to be considered.

So, the dimension of E_k, we can just assume that it's mv^2. What is m? Well, it's the mass of m. Then, v^2. If there's a square, then the dimension is also squared. What was v? v is the speed. What was the speed? The dimension was L_t^-1. So, we'll put a comma here. Comma L_t^-1, comma, squared.

Then M, how does the square enter the hole? As usual, it is divided by each, so L is divided by 2. T, which is minus 1, is also multiplied by 2, so T is minus 2. If you look at the dimensions of kinetic energy, it is the same as the business. This is ML2T minus 2, this is ML2T minus 2.

Let's go to energy potential, EP. You already know what EP is. What's the formula? MGH. M is mass. So we write it here, M. What is G? G is the acceleration of gravity. The acceleration of gravity is also acceleration. So what was the acceleration? L T -2.

What is h? h is the height. Height means it's long, because the unit is meters. So here is L. So the result is M L^2 T^-2. So if you look at it, this dimension is also the same. M L^2 T^-2. So we have found 4 dimensions whose dimensions are the same. What was the previous comment, Gaya?

kinetic energy and potential energy. So it can happen like this. There are several different sizes but have the same dimension. Okay, let's continue to the power. You have also studied it, right? The term for the power is P. The formula is W/T, time-per-effort or energy-per-time. What is the effort? We see it here, ML2T-2.

So we enter it right away, divided by the time, the time is the magnitude of the T. So here we can find M L squared T to the power minus 2 divided by T, which means T to the power minus 3. Okay, let's continue.

Next, we go to momentum. If you see this slide, there is momentum, there is impulse, there is inertia. Maybe all of these are still foreign to you. But to find the dimension, we only need the formula. And what is the explanation of the formula? As long as it is known, we can find the dimension. We start from momentum. The symbol of momentum is P. The formula is M multiplied by V.

With M it is the time and V is the speed. If we know it like this, we can find the dimension. Time means M. The speed we know earlier in front means L T -1. It's simple, right? It means the dimension of momentum is M L T -1. Okay, you get it? Next is the impulse. What is the formula for the impulse?

I is equal to F times delta T. F is the type and delta T is the time interval. What is the dimension of the type? M L T minus 2. The time interval is T. So if multiplied, M remains, L remains. T minus 2 times T means T minus 1. So the dimension of the impulse is M L T minus 1.

So if you look here, the dimension of the impulse and momentum are also the same, mLt -1. Okay, let's go to the next question, which is the inertia moment. The formula for the inertia moment is I = mR^2, where m is the mass, R is the distance, or it can also be the distance. The point is long here. Then we look for the dimension, mass m,

distance is L^2. Okay, so far so good. How to determine the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension of the dimension

Each letter must be given a box. So the correct one is like this. The mark is written outside the box. But each letter that shows a symbol of the size of the object must be given a box mark or a square mark. If it is shortened, it will be like this. This is the result of what we did, what we looked for.

here if you look, between dimensions and units, the relationship is very tight. okay? let's see here. the dimension is L^2, the unit SI is meters per square. L is long, so the unit is meters. understand? volume L^3, the unit SI is meters^3. mass type, the dimension is ML^-3. what is M? mass, so the SI is kilograms. L is long, long at -3.

kilogram meter to the power of minus 3 or kilogram per meter to the power of minus 3. Okay? The speed of Lt to the power of minus 1. What is L? It's long. It means m. T is time, s, second. It means ms to the power of minus 1 or m per s, meter per second. The relationship is starting to look like this. The speed of Lt to the power of minus 2. L is long, it means meter. T is time, it means second. ms to the power of minus 2 or if we divide it, m per s squared.

and so on. But if the formula is Newton and the pressure is Pascal, it's like a abbreviation. Actually, the formula is 1 kg/s^2 because the dimension is mLt^-2. But 1 kg/s^2 is abbreviated, it's called Newton. The pressure 1 kg/s^2 is abbreviated, it's called Pascal. And so on.

And then here, for energy potential, kinetic energy, the dimensions are the same, mL^2 T^-2, the unit SI is kg/m^2/s^2, or shortened as Joule. And so on. Okay, that's all for this video. Thank you for watching. If you like it, please like and share this video. If you have any suggestions, criticisms, and input, you can write it in the comments section. See you in the next video.