Peradaban Kuno Asia Afrika : Asia Afrika, Mesopotamia, Mesir Kuno - Materi Sejarah SMA | Part 1

Hello, Edson's friends. Greetings, Pintar. Meet again with me, K Andi, a historical tutor at Edson.id. This time, we will discuss material about ancient civilization in the world, especially the ancient civilization that developed in Asia and Africa. Let's take a look together. K Andi, a historical tutor at Edson.id

Well, friends, in discussing ancient civilization in the world, we must be able to differentiate that ancient civilization in the world at least appears in three places. The first, ancient civilization appeared and developed in the Asian-African region. Then the second, ancient civilization also developed in Europe. Then the third, ancient civilization also appeared and developed in the Mesoamerican region or Central America.

Ancient civilizations that developed in the Asian-African region at least there are four The first is the Mesopotamian civilization The second ancient Egyptian civilization The third ancient Indian civilization or the Indian River Lembah civilization And the fourth ancient Chinese civilization While the ancient civilizations that developed in Europe Among them are the Greek civilization and the Romani civilization

While the developing civilization in the Mesoamerican region or Central America is a civilization developed by the Maya, Aztec, and Inca peoples. In this occasion, we will discuss the material about ancient civilizations in the world, especially ancient civilizations in the Asian-African region.

What we must pay attention to together is that the similarities that develop in the Asia-Africa region is the fact that the African-Asian civilization is a civilization located in the river basin. So if we write one by one, there are Mesopotamian civilizations, then there are ancient Egyptian civilizations, then there are ancient Indian civilizations, there are also ancient Chinese civilizations,

then the fourth is a civilization that develops in the river region so that the civilization of Asia-Africa is often called the civilization of the river okay, the civilization of the river, what are the characteristics that later appeared in the river civilization area? characteristics that develop in the river civilization area, the first is the land

Why is the land fertile? Because it often experiences floods which results in the emergence of aluvial lands which are of course useful for the development of agriculture in the area. The second, usually, it often becomes a hamlet.

Why does it often become a territory of the colonizer? Because its fertile land causes many foreigners who then want to come and take over the area. And third, the population's profession usually depends on the agricultural sector or agriculture. These are the characteristics that appear in the river civilization that develops in the Asian-African region. Now we will discuss the first one, the Mesopotamian civilization.

Mesopotamia is taken from the word "Mesos" where Mesos means the middle and Potamus Potamus means river So Mesopotamia can be translated as a civilization located between two rivers What river then became the place of the development of Mesopotamian civilization? The river that became the place of the development of Mesopotamian civilization is the Euphrates River

and Tigris River. Where these two rivers, both the Euphrates River and the Tigris River, now enter the territory of the country of Iraq. Like that. Now, the Mesopotamian civilization, as the civilization of the river that then appeared and developed in the Asian-African region, this is often depicted by many nations who are then attracted

to come and conquer the area around the Yufrat River and Tigris River. Some of the nations that once ruled the Mesopotamian region, including the Sumerians, then there were the Akkadians, then there were the Babylonians,

Where later the Babylonian nation at least there are two The first is the Old Babylon and the New Babylon Then there is the Assyrian nation Included in it is the

What is interesting about this Mesopotamian civilization? This Mesopotamian civilization is suspected to be the oldest civilization in the world. Where the Mesopotamian civilization is believed to have developed for about 5000 years before the Masyik. So about 7000 years ago, a civilization was formed in the area of ​​the Yufrat River and the Tigris River.

That's why Mesopotamian civilization is considered the oldest civilization in the world. So what is the characteristic or legacy of Mesopotamian civilization?

Some of the remains that come from Mesopotamian civilization, among them later we will see in the art of construction, then also in the art of literature, and also later there are beliefs that develop in the people of Mesopotamia. The first, the remains can be called a building in the form of a ziggurat.

The Ziggurat building is a building that looks like a pyramid, where the bottom is large but then the higher it is, the smaller it becomes. Then there is also a building known as the Taman Gantung, Babylonia.

Unfortunately, today historians and archaeologists are having a hard time finding the exact position of the Babylonian Hanging Garden. Then, other remains from Mesopotamia are the letter "Paku" or often referred to as the letter "Kunefor". In addition, the next remains are the "Monthly Residence" or often referred to as the "Lunar

So the date of the month has actually been used by the people in the Mesopotamian region. Then, besides that, there is also the oldest law book in the world, known as the Hammurabi Codex. This is one very interesting thing.

Because since thousands of years ago, there is a law written in the ancient Babylonian period under the command of King Hammurabi. Where then the book of law that is written makes the Hammurabi Codex as the oldest law book known by the world today. Then besides Ziggurat, Taman Gantung, Huruf Paku, Lunar System, and Hammurabi Codex, there is also

It's a story or epos that is known as the Gilgamesh epos. Can you understand it? Well, Edson,

At the beginning we have discussed several nations that have built and ruled the Mesopotamian region. Among them are the Sumerians, the Akkadians, then there is the Babylonian kingdom, where later the Babylonian kingdom consists of two parts, namely the Old Babylon and the New Babylon. The Old Babylon was later developed by the Amorites, while the New Babylon was later developed by

the Caldean, then there is also the Assyrian and later there is the Persian. Now, the Sumerians are considered to be the founders of the Mesopotamian civilization because the Sumerians are suspected to have

developed in the Mesopotamian region in the Yufrat River and Tigris River area about 5000 years before the Masyik in its development the civilization of the nation built by Sumerians, the Sumerians, then will be established by the Akkadian nation, historians then agreed

that the Akkadian nation is not part of the Sumerian nation so two different nations and then each other Sumerian and then defeated by the Akkadian nation then later formed or developed a

kingdom developed by the Amorites who were later known as the Babylonian Kingdom of the Old. Well, the Babylonian Kingdom of the Old has a famous king named Hammurabi.

Hammurabi was recorded as the king of Babylonia which then ruled the writing of the law in the area of the Babylonian kingdom. The Law Book is then known as the Hammurabi Codex. Where the Hammurabi Codex is the oldest law book in the world.

Then later the old Babylonian kingdom disappeared, replaced by other kingdoms. Then appeared the new Babylonian kingdom developed by the Chaldeans, where this new Babylonian kingdom has a famous king named Nebuchadnezzar.

Nebuchadnezzar was the one who then commanded the development of a very famous building from Mesopotamia's civilization, namely the Babylonian Hanging Garden. So the Babylonian Hanging Garden was built under the command of King Nebuchadnezzar. Then in its development, there was a nation that came from the eastern region of the Euphrates and Tigris River basin, namely the Persian nation. Where later during the reign of King Cyrus,

Mesopotamia area was then conquered by Persia. Then later the Mesopotamian area for a few centuries which is quite long under the rule of the Persian people. Gradually later the king who once ruled the Mesopotamian region and came from the Persian region or came from the Persian people was Cyrus the Great. Then later there was Darius the Great.

But later during the reign of Darius the Great the third, the Persian kingdom then experienced a long war with a king who came from Greece, precisely from Macedonia, who was later known as Alexander the Great.

war between Alexander the Great faced Darius the Great III ended in defeat of the Persian nation therefore, the Mesopotamian region became the territory of the throne of Alexander the Great as we know together in its development formed a civilization or a

culture that combines many regions around the West Asian region starting from the area of ​​Mesopotamia, then later the region of Egypt, then also the region of Greece and the Persian region itself, which was then built by Alexander the Great, known as Hellenistic culture.

Okay, later a culture is known, which is known as Hellenistic culture, which combines cultures in the Persian, Greek, then the West Asia, as well as the Egyptian region. Can be understood by your fellow Edson.

Okay, friends, we were discussing Mesopotamian civilization. The next civilization that we will discuss is ancient Egyptian civilization. Ancient Egyptian civilization is a civilization that appeared and developed in the valley of the Nile River.

or which now belongs to the region of Egypt. We know that the Nile River is a very long river. It is said that the Nile River is the longest river in the world, which has a length of approximately 6,000 kilometers. What is then interesting about this ancient Egyptian civilization? We know that this ancient Egyptian civilization left some

There are several famous building arts, including the pyramid building and the Sphinx building. The Sphinx is a statue of the guardian of the pyramid, shaped like a lion's body but with a human head. Meanwhile, the ancient Mesir civilization itself is a civilization that developed approximately 4,500 years before the Masehi.

So, not long after the development of civilization in the Mesopotamian region, the Egyptian civilization then emerged and developed. Initially, the ancient Egyptian civilization consisted of two kingdoms, namely Mesir Hulu and Mesir Hilir. So there is Mesir Hulu and Mesir Hilir. In its development, Mesir Hulu and Mesir Hilir will be united by a king

which was later known as Menes. So the king of Egypt who succeeded in uniting the ancient Egyptian kingdom and the neighboring Egypt was Menes. We also understand that the term king in ancient Egyptian civilization was later known as Fir'aun. So the king of Egypt had the title Fir'aun.

So, this pharaoh is not only to mention one person, but also used to mention the kings of Egypt. So, for example, as is known, there is Cleopatra. Cleopatra is a woman who once became the king of Egypt. Well, then Cleopatra is a pharaoh, a female pharaoh. Then later there is the Amenhotep pharaoh.

There will also be a Tutankhamun pharaoh. And maybe the most famous is the Ramses II pharaoh. Something like that. Now we can mention the magic kings or magic pharaohs among them, which have been mentioned earlier. There is Menes, then there is Ramses II, then there is Tutankhamun, and there is Cleopatra.

Cleopatra's being the king of Egypt or the pharaoh of Egypt actually shows the woman's position in ancient Egyptian civilization.

In ancient Egyptian civilization, the position of the female race is actually quite good. It means there is a balance between the male and the female race. It's a bit different from the developing civilizations, among which is the Greek civilization. Where in the Greek civilization, the female position is lower than the male. Like that. Later in the next video discussion, especially about European civilization, namely the Greek and Roman, we will explain a little

the relationship between men and women. Okay, let's continue. Then what is the legacy that comes from ancient Egyptian civilization? We can say that the legacy of ancient Egyptian civilization is among them is the pyramid. What is this pyramid? This pyramid is actually a building that was used as a tomb of the Egyptian kings.

So the pyramid is really a tomb building. We know the biggest pyramid is the Giza pyramid. Or a pyramid that was specially designed for King Khufu who once ruled ancient Egypt. Then besides that there is also a building called Sphinx.

Sphinx, as I explained earlier, is a pyramid guardian statue where this statue looks like a human head but with a lion body. Then, besides that, there is also the Mastaba building. This Mastaba is a grave that is also used by the Egyptian kings. So, besides the pyramid, there is also the Mastaba. Then there is the Obelisk.

What is an obelisk? An obelisk is a stone that has a writing. So the difference between a manhir and an obelisk is that a manhir is a stone that is used as a place of worship, but there is no writing. An obelisk is a stone that has a writing. Something like that. Then another legacy of ancient Egyptian civilization is the letter hieroglyph.

or what is often called as the symbol letter What is the difference between the writing that developed in Mesopotamian civilization with ancient Egyptian civilization? If Mesopotamian civilization, the letter is the letter "Paku"

or commonly known as cuneiform letters. Whereas in the history of Mr. Kuno, the letters are hieroglyphs or symbols. In its development, these hieroglyphs will later be divided into two. The first is the hieratis letter and the demotis letter.

What is the difference? The letter hieratis is a letter used in religious ceremonies, so only the priests can use the letter hieratis. While the letter demotis is a letter used by the people.

From here, we can draw a conclusion that the stratification of the ancient Egyptian society can be seen from the difference in the use of the letters used, which is used, something like that. Then also, don't forget that the ancient Egyptian civilization is a civilization that managed to find the

Papyrus paper, where the ancient Egyptian people later used papyrus paper as a media for writing. Then, the cremation. Ancient Egyptian people, as well as Mesopotamian people, have also found a cremation system known as the Solar System.

or what is often called the calendar of the sun. So it's different from the Mesopotamian civilization which uses the lunar system, the ancient Egyptian civilization has used the solar calendar

system. Okay. Then there is a pyramid, there is a sphinx, then there is a mastaba, there is an obelisk, then there are also the letters hieroglyphs, papyrus papers, and solar system. In addition, another thing that can be called the legacy of ancient Egypt is the building of the Hoker base statue.

So these are some of the remains that come from ancient Egyptian civilization. Unfortunately, ancient Egyptian civilization that lasted for thousands of years then suffered a collapse. So we can say that

The cause of the collapse of ancient Egyptian civilization occurred around the year 31 BC. What is the factor that caused the collapse of ancient Egyptian civilization? The cause of the collapse of ancient Egyptian civilization is as a result of the incursions carried out by the people

Can be understood by your friends?

Okay, Edson, that's the discussion about ancient civilization in Asia Africa. Specifically, we have discussed ancient civilizations in the Mesopotamian and ancient Egypt regions. See you again in the next video discussion with me, Kak Andi, a history tutor, Edson.id. Smart greetings! That's all, Edson, for today's learning video.

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