Konsep dasar Farmakologi I Catatan Apoteker

Hello assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh Hi everyone in this video

we discuss What is

pharmacology so friends in the

health field, be it Pharmacy, pharmacists,

doctors, then nursing, midwifery, of

course, will also study related

to Japanese pharmacology naked What is

pharmacology pharmacology comes from the

word pharmakon and logos which

indicates that logos is science, pharmacon

is medicine, so pharmacology

is a field of science that

studies all things related to

medicine Is it related to the

chemical properties of medicine physics then the relationship of

medicine with the physiology of the body What is the

fate of medicine in the body How is

the absorption of medicine, distribution of medicine then

its metabolism in the liver and excretion

or elimination of medicine either through the

kidneys or through breathing then

pharmacology also of course discusses the

levels of a drug in the body

that can provide therapeutic effects and

of course in addition to the therapeutic effects of the drug,

later when it is used inappropriately it

will not cause toxic effects if

we look at the history of pharmacology,

we can divide it into two periods, the

first is the ancient period starting from

before the 1700s then the

modern period, namely in the 18th-19th centuries and up to

Now friends can see

that in the ancient period, pharmacology

included an observation that was

carried out empirically Based on

experience Based on observations of the

use of drugs So in Indonesia

itself, we know a lot that

people know that from generation to

generation from their ancestors, why does a

plant have a

certain medicinal effect Well, that

has also existed since ancient times, yes, in the

ancient period before 7700, then it was

also proven that there were records of

famous treatments in China

and Egypt in more detail, we can

see the history of pharmacology seen

from the ancient period to the modern period,

the first was Claudius Kelen,

a scientist, yes, he mentioned

that there was a relationship between theory and

empirical experience that contributed

equally in the use of drugs, then

according to etioplast to Sponge home

hohenheim Here is a

very interesting statement, yes, that

many people are afraid of treatment

because they are afraid of taking medicine. There is a lot of

public interest in judging that drugs

will definitely have side effects or that drugs are

poison, well, according to Theopratus Phone, he

stated that all things, all objects

There is poison, eh, nothing is sweet

Poison, but what differentiates them is the

dose, if we use a

chemical compound with the right dose,

then it is not a poison, yes,

next, according to Johan Cakep, he

is a person who The first to

verify or use

experiments, a study

conducted using animals, so this is

also good, the development of

pharmacology

from the modern period was in the 18th century, according to

Rudolf Bunken, he founded the first

pharmacology, he founded The Fast

Institute of Pharmacology, the first

in Estonia in 1847,

then there was also in 1836

until 1521, there was the

first pharmacology journal and this continued to

develop until

pharmacology was initially from plants, either

from plants or from animals,

then extracted, the compounds were

prepared, friends, the

development of drug discovery, yes, then

later from the plant extract, it

turned out that various

chemical structures of drugs were found that could be used

as drugs, how about

this mantra, Poppy can contain

morphine, codeine, narcotics, and papaverine,

Nadi, this modern development was finally

extracted into one type of drug

so that it has specific properties, the

next development of pharmacology was

after that, until the 19th century, yes,

Nani, until the end of the 19th century, drugs

came from natural products in the form of plants,

either dry or fresh, usually

dried or soaked in alcohol

so that the extract compound was obtained, yes, the

extract from a plant that

contains the chemical compound of the drug is

called the drug size drug it is

filled with a more specific thesis of isolation from

plants and then

developed many preclinical tests Yes,

both on animals

in vitro can be in vivo

then clinical trials are carried out on

humans in the form of toxicity tests are carried out

So that later it will be produced

on a large scale and can be marketed

friends can see in

this section related to the development of

pharmacology which was initially an

empirical observation then there is

experimental pharmacology yes conducting

tests on animals on

tissue then later

biochemical pharmacology there is molecular pharmacology at the

molecular level then this is

also utilized biochemical pharmacology

molecular pharmacology then also and

the name clinical pharmacology which means

now it is

rational treatment How the effects of drugs directly

on humans can be done

senti

Hi there is also the development of

pharmacotherapy which means How the

use of drugs for treatment in

humans or on living things comment on the

existence of pharmacoepidemiology How the

development of the effects of a drug on a

group in a population there is also

social pharmacology there is

pharmacoeconomics pharmacokinetics so there are

very many yes developing at

this time there is also something called

pharmacovigilance because of the development of

pharmacology so that

many branches of science related to

pharmacology later friends will also

learn related to

drug pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics of drugs

molecular pharmacology pharmacotherapy

clinical pharmacology toxicology pharmacoepidemiology

and until later there is pharmacogenomics

Okay next we will discuss

related to What are drugs? They

are all substances, both chemical, animal

and plant, which in appropriate doses

can cure, alleviate,

or prevent diseases and their symptoms

so based on the definition of drugs we

can conclude that the purpose of

treatment is certainly to

determine the diagnosis then there are

preventive efforts against a disease

in the form of curative prevention efforts drugs

can be used for

rehabilitative treatment for recovery and promotive

efforts to improve

health then eh friends

health people need to know that the

available drugs are in

what form and can be given in what

form or route So the

first can be in the form of Liquid

preparation or in the form of a solution

So there are drugs that can be given in the form of a

solution can be syrup

then there are those in the form of nose drops there are those in the form of eye drops then

there are

also those in the form of powder yes powder which

can later become a tablet can

become a capsule can become an

effervescent tablet can become a qwerty tablet in

a coated tablet yes usually

the purpose of a drug is coated there are

drugs or chemical compounds that are not resistant

to stomach pH so they need to be

coated so that the drug it will be

protected from

gastric AS then there is a drug that is

crucified and distributed to be released

longer so the drug can be used

longer without repeated frequency

then this is approximately the release of the drug yes

if we see there is a capsule there is a khotib

tablet of course it will be released

longer for example if we liken the

capsule which is the fastest yes here it

has been released not in time then

if Pote tablet because it is

coated then it will have a

longer release time because the

target is not released in

the stomach but installed in the intestine if

the capsule pill with khotib Bro pelet well this is

like this description of the

taste so it is continuous yes released

in a longer period of time yes

cool Matrix Tablet friends can

see here then besides the

solution preparation in the form of syrup yes Tablets are generally

used orally there are also preparations that are

used intravenously forgive touch

ampoules then later it can be injected

into intravenously or later it can be through infusion

or in the form of

inhalation Nebulizer or the form of drug preparation in the form of

suppositories which are inserted through the

anus or vaginal tablets inserted into the

vagina well this is usually if to

support Victoria and the vagina

it is very sensitive to temperature yes

if the temperature is more than 35° Celsius

then the drug will melt will melt

so that the drug standards are not met

usually suppository drugs and vaginaltors

are stored in the refrigerator or in the

refrigerator, right Well then friends,

can it also be a topical drug dosage form

that is given on the surface of the body

not orally or

injected so there are those in the form of

paste, there are those in the form of ointment and the roof is in the form of

powder, that means the

target is given on

the surface of the body a drug can be

used by many people or can be

marketed and in the industrialization dieu

made produced in the factory it takes a

long journey so from

friends already know

Beware of a drug is a drug or

drug compound that is found in terms of

plants extracted from plants or from animals

then preclinical trials are carried out

on animals

in vitro can be in vivo

then after that if it is proven to be

effective in vitro or new information is

continued clinical trials or also

called clinical trials there are those that enter

one tested on a group of populations

that are usually in small numbers if it is

proven to be effective and found

aspects of its pharmacokinetics related

to the duration of the drug toxicological effects of

a drug then proceed to the

second phase trailer clinic to determine

safety efficacy and the dose of a drug

and then if it has

passed the second phase of the nekat Raya then

it will proceed to the third phase with a

larger group of patients

and if it has met the requirements

until the third phase test then a

new drug gets permission to be

industrialized called a

phase 4 clinical trial distributed to the public

now at this time it also needs to be monitored

whether there are side effects to the drug

used

Hi, things related to the development of the drug

earlier, the October release test can be used.

The same thing with the vaccine that is

currently very virally discussed related

to the logmein vaccine so all

the vaccines used also

follow all stages, yes, so from the

clinical tablet phase 1 phase 2 phase three

phase 4 and later the marketing post will be seen

whether there are side effects

or not tepaxin used, the

following is also an illustration, yes,

there is a preclinical trial phase 1 phase 2

phase 3 and later drinking vectoring typo

in what is it called, yes, it is produced in

large quantities in the factory then

sadly the item is distributed to

the public,

later it will be seen admitting his thoughts that have

no side effects, the reply can

I convey for this video and

here are the references that I

use, thank you and Assalamualaikum

warahmatullahi wabarakatuh

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