Kimia Kelas 10 : Hakikat Ilmu Kimia

Have you ever met someone who often says that chemistry is poisonous, dangerous, and even can kill? Anyway, it's really anti-chemistry. The answer is herbal. Find a product that has a chemical-free label.

Now, people who say that, it means they don't really know chemistry. Even though not all chemical substances are dangerous. There are many chemicals that actually keep us alive. The easiest example is the air we breathe, the water we drink.

Well, they are chemicals. Then there are other chemicals such as calcium, iodine, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, fluoride, and selenium. We eat these chemicals almost every day because all these chemicals are in rice.

It means that from eating, drinking, even breathing, it's already related to chemistry. Well, so that you can love it more, let's get to know more about chemistry!

Chemistry comes from the Arabic language al-kimiya which means "material change". The term "chemistry" first appeared around 700-778 AD. The originator is Jabir ibn Hayyan or known as the father of Arab chemistry. Jabir, along with other Arab scientists, found various types of substances such as alcohol, arsenic, iodine acid, sulfate acid, and nitrate acid.

As time went by, there were many new discoveries about chemistry. One of them happened in 1803. John Dalton, a school teacher from England, proposed the atom theory for the first time. From this theory, Dalton explained that atoms are the basic particles of material accumulation. So everything around us will contain atoms in it.

In the 1800s, there were about 30 known chemical elements. The elements are particles that contain only one type of atom. Well, because the atom theory appeared earlier, the science of chemistry was developing. Many new chemical elements were found. The number increased from 30 to 80 elements in 1900. And now, more than 100 elements have been found that have been known.

These chemical elements are called Matter.

Matter is everything that places space and has time. Generally, chemistry is a science that discusses the material resources. Resources means changing one matter into another. To do the material resources, experts need to know the arrangement and structure of the matter first. They also need to know how the matter can change if the environment around it also changes. Hmm, the arrangement of matter

What do you mean? Well, let's compare between water and alcohol.

Water consists of two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. The chemical formula is H2O. Alcohol consists of three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The chemical formula is C2H5OH. Because the arrangement is different, water and alcohol have different properties.

Water can make the fire go out, while alcohol can even make it burn and make the fire even more burning. Why can alcohol burn?

People who don't study chemistry will probably say, "Yeah, that's right, why ask again?" But in chemistry, we actually want to find out why that can happen. The approach is from the material perspective. According to chemistry, the reason alcohol can be burned is because the accumulator in it forms a less stable bond. So it can bind with other atoms, so it catches fire.

But if water, hydrogen, and oxygen inside it are no longer in a stable bond, that's why it doesn't react with oxygen in the air anymore. It's not in the form of fire.

In addition to the arrangement of matter, we also need to know what is called the structure of matter. The structure of matter is an image of how atoms are linked. For example, if we look at the atom of carbon and the atom of graphite, they are both arranged from carbon atoms, but their two characteristics are very different. This is because they both have different structures.

The carbon atoms in the inton are bound by 4 other carbon atoms, forming a triangle with the same side, or in the cool language, tetrahedral. This bond is very strong and not easy to break. That's why inton is the hardest material, even like to be a knife for cutting glass.

In graphite, the carbon atoms are connected to other carbon atoms, forming a hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagonal hexagon

According to the arrangement of particles, matter is divided into two types: single and mixed. What is called a single substance means that the particle of the accumulator is only one type, either an element or a substance. The element is a single substance that cannot be divided into simpler substances. The element is only arranged from one type of atom, for example the hydrogen element, which is arranged above the atom H.

then the carbon element, which is organized above the atom C, and the oxygen element, which is organized above the atom O.

Meanwhile, matter is a collection of elements. If the elements of a type such as hydrogen , oxygen , or nitrogen are called "molecules". Meanwhile, if the elements of a different type, such as water or alcohol , are called "molecules".

Cooking salt or NaCl, which is always added to your mother's dishes, is also an example of a substance molecule.

The second type of material is a mixture. The mixture contains a combination of single substances without chemical reactions. There are a mixture of homogen and a mixture of heterogen. A homogen mixture is usually called a solution. This salt water is one example of a homogen mixture. If you look at salt water, it's a little like ordinary water. But when you drink it, the saltiness will be on your tongue.

So, even though it looks like only one part, the component nature in the solution is not gone or still there. Different from a solution, in a heterogeneous mixture, we can see the components of the accumulator directly. For example, soil that is dissolved in water. We can immediately know that there is soil in the water, no need to drink it first.

The heterogeneous mixture is divided into two: suspension and colloid. The soil in the water is an example of suspension. The components can be clearly visible to our eyes without having to use a microscope.

Colloids are roughly similar to a homogeneous mixture. But when viewed microscopically, or using a microscope, the components of the arrangement will be visible. That's why colloids are a heterogeneous mixture. The example of a colloid is milk, coconut milk, and butter. Well, the most important thing in chemistry is actually the change of matter.

We must have seen changes in matter very often, whether it is scientifically or physically. The cause of matter changes can be due to heat, combustion, decay, or because it is mixed with other substances. There are temporary and permanent. There are two types of matter changes: physical and chemical changes.

Well, this physical change is what we see very often. This change is temporary. In this change, there is no new substance that is formed. There is only a change in the material body. The substance is liquid, dense, and gas. Liquid-dense change is called freezing. For example, when you want to make ice cubes to put on ice cubes. Wow, it's so cold.

On the contrary, from dense to liquid, it's called liquid. For example, ice cream that is left open for hours will melt, right?

If the change from dense to gas is called sublime. For example, the fragrance of the room left in the open room will soon run out. Because it immediately changes or sublimates from dense to gas. On the contrary, from gas to dense is called deposition. For example, the event of snowfall.

Well, if the gas changes to liquid, it's called "mengembun". For example, water particles in the leaves in the morning. On the contrary, from liquid to gas, it's called "menguap". The dry clothes you wear are the result of the presence of "penguapan".

Another type of material change is chemical change or commonly called chemical reaction. This change is indicated by the shape of the new substance and its permanent or permanent nature. For example, like fermented milk, the lime in this pot, and the burned charcoal. Usually chemical changes are indicated by the emergence of gas, color change, shape of the solid,

or there is a temperature change. The sure thing is that there is a new substance that is formed. Chemical reactions are widely used by the industry to change certain materials into products that have a selling power. For example, changing coconut oil into butter.

Hi guys, today we have known about chemistry. Starting from the inventor of the name of chemistry, Jabir Ibn Hayat. Besides that, we have learned about what is matter, the multiplication of matter, and the change of matter.

Because the focus of chemistry is on material change, one of the most effective ways to learn is to observe the change directly. And this we do through experiments or experiments in the laboratory. In the next video, you will be introduced to the war tools that are commonly used by chemists when they are practical. Let's check the video!

But if you still want to watch this video, to get to know more and love chemistry more, you can click the timestamp below this video. See you in the next video!