Kelas 11 SMA - Biologi - Sel - Bimbel Tridaya Online

Welcome to Tridaya Online. This time you are accompanied by Kak Titin, my biology tutor at Bimbal Tridaya. On this occasion, I will discuss the subject of cells. If you hear the term cell, it must be not foreign anymore, because when I was in the 10th grade, I also had a little discussion about cells. This time we will try to discuss whether it is complicated or easy to check the cell.

If you hear the word cell, you must have thought that cells are structural, functional, and the order of living beings. Yes, so cells are the smallest part of living beings. Or functional and structural units of the smallest order of living beings.

Then let's try to discuss who are the people who have found the cell in the past. Who are they? The first is a figure named Robert Hooke. He was the first to observe the cell and said that the cell was an empty space. Then there is also Robert Brown.

who found that it turns out that inside the cell it's not empty, but there is an contents and it turns out that he found that inside the cell it contains the core of the cell or nucleus then there is also Johannes Purkinje who found that inside the cell it contains something the contents we also call protoplasma

Then there is also Theodore Swann, then there is Skleiden who said that the cell is a structural unit of living beings. Then there is Max Kuhl. Well, if Max Kuhl said that the cell is a functional unit of living beings. Functional living beings. Then there is also

Oh Alexander Fleming, well, he said that cells are reproductive units or units that play a role in the reproductive process and there are still many other figures. For the names of these figures, I have the key to the 3D. The key to the 3D is Mr. Roros, double S.

The length, P is for Johannes Purkinje, then A is for Alexander Fleming. The first R is for Robert Hooke who found the first cell and they, eh, they, they did the observation on the gabus cell. Then Robert Brown who found the cell core,

Then there are Theodore Swann and Scladen who stated that the cell as the structure of living beings and finally there is Mark Skuss who stated that the cell is a functional unit of living beings. Well, this is for the figures who found the cell. Next, let's talk in general about the structure of the cell first.

For the structure of the cell, it consists of two main components. The first is the skin of the cell or also called the membrane of the cell. Then there is the contents of the cell or called the protoplasma.

In the protoplasm there is something else, there is what? The first is the nucleus, then there is the cytoplasm and there is the cytoskeleton. This cytoplasm consists of the liquid of the cell or what is called cytosol and there are also organelles.

Before we discuss in detail, let's try to review the type of cell that you have studied in class 10. Based on whether there is a fundamental membrane, the cell is divided into two types. What are there? There are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. What's the difference?

that's if the prokaryotic is a cell that does not have a core membrane if eukaryotic means it already has a core membrane what kind of creature does it have a core membrane or does it not have a core membrane? let's try to check

What is still prokaryotic is a group of bacteria or in the 10th grade you learned about the Monera group. Then if eukaryotic means anything other than bacteria including us. It means there are animal groups, plants, protists if you remember and others. Then if seen based on the number of cells

living beings are divided into two, right? Some have many cells, some only have one cell. Well, if you only have one cell, it's called unicellular. If you have many cells, it's called multicellular. Who is the example of living beings that are still cell-free?

for example, like amoeba, that means the group is protista then there are mushrooms, there are also unicellular ones, then the moner group or the group we know as the bacteria group, if the multicellular group, it means that apart from that, some fungi, then some protista, also the floor is clear, what about the animal? Next,

We discussed about the structure of the cell, what are the components? First, we discussed about the membrane of the cell. For this membrane of the cell, it must be located in the outermost part of the cell. But before that, let's check what are the parts of the cell.

We can analogize the cell as a bowl of super complete baso. So, what do you need to buy a baso? Yes, there must be a bowl or plastic, just like a cell. So, inside the cell there must be a wrapper. The wrapper is the cell membrane. So, the outer part is the cell membrane. Then, what do you need to buy a baso?

Yes, there must be a baso, right? Well, diesel is also the same, there is a baso, diesel baso is what we call a nucleus. The baso must also contain meat, there is one that contains eggs, the same, diesel also contains eggs, the story is the child of the core or the nucleus.

while the tiny meat is a chromosome or chromatin. Then inside the bowl there is also liquid called nucleoplasma. Then inside the bowl, for example, I add noodles, for example, there are noodles that are near the bowl.

and inside the "mi" there is something that is attached to the chili powder. In the cell, the "mi" is reticulum endoplasma.

The upper one is also reticulum, endoplasma, or in short, RE. This is RE, the upper one is also RE. But the lower RE has chili powder. The chili powder is ribosome. If the RE is attached to ribosome, then this is rough RE. If there is no ribosome, it means it is smooth RE.

If you like vegetables, you must add toge here. Here is a pile of toge, then there is a head of toge, for example, that is released. This pile of toge in the cell is called the Golgi body. While the head of toge that is released is a lysosome. Or there is also a physical.

because the shape is the same, round like a pocket. Then, because this is my super complete version, so I add sausage here. Then on top of the sausage, I give sauce. Well, there are several sausages, so it's full. Well, the one that looks like a cone, then in the middle there is a round one, this is mitochondria. Then, on top of it, I add a long macaroni.

two macroni particles macroni is organelle centriole or centrosome considered the same then don't forget to use the broth so that the broth is not dry, the story is sitoso

We will discuss the functions later. First, we discuss the structure of the membrane cell first. If this membrane cell is enlarged, it turns out that there are parts of the membrane cell that are made up of chemical substances. What are they? Let's see.

As you can see here, as long as I draw only one line on the membrane cell, if enlarged, it looks more or less like this. Then there is a large part, then there is also a slightly round part, then there is one that looks like a bar.

It's a stone or a pearl that is slanted. There are some on top of the red color, there are also some on top of the blue color. So what is this? For the first one, inside the membrane cell, it turns out that there are two layers of structure that have a head and tail. So what is this? This is phospholipid.

There are two layers of phospholipid, the upper layer and the lower layer, like a matabak. So the membrane cell is called phospholipid bilayer because it has two layers of phospholipid. Then the phospholipid part, if you separate it, there is a round or head-shaped one and there is a tail-like one.

The round shape is phosphate, while the tail is lipid. It turns out that they have different properties. The phosphate one can bind water, also called the hydrophilic part.

Hydro means water. The way to remember or the key to 3D is that the hydrophilic has a feeling with hydro, likes water, so it can bind water. If the lipid, on the contrary, it cannot bind water. It is called hydrophobic. Phobia with hydro, afraid of water. Then what is this red color? Well, the red part is protein.

There are proteins that penetrate up to the phospholipid from top to bottom. There are only on one side of the phospholipid. This is also the same protein. If it penetrates down to the bottom, it is called an integral protein. Or it can be intrinsic, meaning it enters. If it's only on the surface, it can be on the surface or maybe later you'll find the protein on the bottom surface. It's called a peripheral protein.

stick on the surface then the shape is like a stick or like a butterfly drooping this is glycogen if it sticks on phospholipid it is called glycolipid if it sticks on protein it is called glycoprotein this is for the structure of the membrane it's starting to get full, let's wipe it off first

Okay, I'll continue. We've talked about membrane cells. Next, we'll discuss the other parts, the organelles. The first one is, oh, if the nucleus is not an organelle, but it's okay, we'll discuss it first. There was a nucleus earlier that I said was like a basalt. So, what are the components of the nucleus? There is the nucleus or nucleolus.

then there is a chromosome or chromatin then there is a liquid in the nucleus or also called nucleoplasma and earlier we discussed for the type of cell there is a cell eukaryotic right? he already has a nucleus membrane or the other name of the nucleus membrane is karyotekarotica

What is the function of the nucleus? Because like the vessel in the vessel bowl, it is the most important part of the vessel. The nucleus is also the same, it is the most important part of the cell because it acts as the regulator of all cell activities. Then for the nucleus, we also know it as the child of the core.

for chromatin, it contains genetic materials you must have heard of this term DNA in the 10th grade if I'm not mistaken in the virus then there is also RNA, which will be studied in depth in 12th grade then there is the cell core liquid or earlier called nucleoplasma that's for the cell core then there was a part

which I call the "mi" in the language, which is curved, that is reticulum endoplasma. Because the reticulum endoplasma is curved like a road, so it also functions the same as a road, namely as a route of transport of substances.

if we call it rough RE then it acts as a protein transportation route if the RE is smooth then it functions as a transportation route whatever besides protein can be carbohydrates can also be fat can also be vitamins and so on then the next one is

like chili powder, that is ribosome ribosome function is a place of production or protein synthesis synthesis of protein itself has two main stages there is what is called the transcription stage transcription means the process of printing then there is translation

Translation is taken from the word translate, which means the translation process. This is also the same, it will be discussed in detail in class 12, also in the first semester. Then there is an organelle that you said earlier, like a pile of tauge. That is the Golgi body, or also called the Golgi apparatus, or in the growth it is also called Dichthyosome.

its function is to secrete the still-used substance still remember there is secrecy, there is excresy for Golgi its function is for secrecy I just wrote it down, so secrecy is the process of releasing the still-used substance for example, enzyme secrecy hormone secrecy means it goes in here

The key to Golgi is Golgesek. So if you hear the word Golgi, it functions as a secretion. Then there are other organs, which are shaped like sausages. It's mitochondria.

Oh yes, I'm worried you forgot the picture, I'll repeat the picture a little bit. If this is a cell, the middle part is the nucleus, then the RE is the one that is floating and sticking close to the nucleus. Then the ribosome, which was twinkling like chili powder, this is ribosome.

then where is the gallbladder? the gallbladder that is stacked but it doesn't stick to the core of the cell this is the gallbladder mitochondria mitochondria that looks like a sausage on top of it is given sauce or like a sausage for mitochondria it turns out to have two membranes some are called outer membranes

and there is a internal membrane for the internal membrane the shape is curved like this which is indicated by the blue color is the internal membrane then there is the middle part of the mitochondria which is called the mitochondrial matrix

then in the inner membrane there is a part that is curved or like a curve when walking the curved part is called the crista it can also be said that the crista is part of the inner membrane now the function of the mitochondria is for what? it turns out that it functions for

energy or energy that you will also know as ATP or the process is also called food oxidation so how can the food we put into the body become energy? Well, it's processed here in the mitochondrial organ then there is also what is called cell respiration what is the process like? you will learn this in class 12 in the metabolism section

Then there are what organelles? Oh yes, there are round ones, close to Golgi, that is lysosome. This lysosome turns out to contain destructive enzymes or called hydrolytic enzymes.

because it contains hydrolytic enzymes, the lysosome functions to destroy something so it's like a cell cleaner agent so if there are organs that have not been used, then it will be destroyed by the lysosome the function related to the destruction earlier is called autophag and autolysis

if autophagic means destroying the dead cell if autolysis is a programmed destruction process so the lysosome has its lifetime when it can no longer be used then the lysosome will destroy itself or called autolysis the destruction of the lysosome but programmed then there was another part

there is a part that I said earlier, the two of them, we said with centriyo or you can use centrosome

The function of centrioles and centrosomes is to regulate cell division so that when the cell divides there is a strand that will emanate from the centriole or also called the spindle strand. The function of the spindle strand is to regulate the chromosome when the cell is divided.

This is also the same cell division or cell reproduction will be discussed in class 12 too. Then there are organelles that I didn't describe earlier because the size is too small. What organelles are there? The first is the micro body. The micro body contains two kinds of things, sorry. Some are called peroxisomes.

and another one is Glyoxisome. What is the function of Glyoxisome? The function of Glyoxisome is to neutralize toxins.

if you hear the word neutralizing the most polluted poison is the heart organ so why can the heart offer poison in our body because in the heart organ there are many peroxysome organs that are neutralized are hydrogen peroxide poisons so that later it is not dangerous for the body because it is changed to H2

with O2 then for Glyoxisom it has a relationship with fat metabolism or fat hydrolysis is also possible so from fat there is something that can be changed into carbohydrates, right? Well, it turns out to be influenced by Glyoxisom organelle

Then, in the cell, at the beginning, I mentioned that there is something called a cytoskeleton. Cito means cell, skelet means organ. So, the cytoskeleton is the organ of the cell.

just like human body structure, its function is to form, give shape, the structure of the cells in the human body or living beings is the same as giving shape to the cells. For this cytoskeleton there are three types, there is what is called microtubulus, then there is microfilament, and the last one is intermediate filament.

The shape is different, so it can be seen from the thickness level that the microtubule is thick and it looks like a cone. Then for microfilament, it consists of round circles that are slanted. If compared to microtubules, it is thinner.

Then for the intermediate filament, it's a lump, but it's also small in size. Usually when it's described in cell form, it's not too clear in books. Next, we discuss organelles.

Fakula, in the cell image that I drew earlier, there is no Fakula. The function of Fakula is to store food. In some animals, especially protozoa, Fakula does not function to store food, but it acts as a food source. This is for the organelles.

Okay, now let's continue again. At the beginning, you described the cell in general, but it turns out that if we observe the animal cells and the plant cells, there are differences. What are the differences? Let's try to check the differences between animal cells and plant cells.

If we draw the first one, usually if you see the image of a round cell, it's usually a cell in animals or humans because the outer part has a cell membrane. If it grows, the shape of the cell is usually a bit stiff.

so why if we see the plant, the plant is not flexible like humans or animals, we can't pinch because it turns out that from the smallest structure of the life order in the plant cell there is a part called the cell wall, then does it have a membrane cell? it turns out that in the plant it also has a cell membrane so the protective layer is double

Then in the animal cell there is an integral cell, clearly there was a middle part or an integral cell or a nucleus. In the plant cell it is the same, there is an integral cell too, usually it is a bit crooked. Then in the animal cell there was someone who was swinging, sticking close to the nucleus, that is the RE. In the plant it is also the same, there is the RE. Then there is a body of gogi that is piled up,

here also the same, there is Golgi body but if in the animal cell there is a lysosome in the plant there is no then the special thing about plants is that they have large vacuoles earlier the vacuoles function to store food or the large vacuoles are also called central vacuoles

Then in the animal cell there is mitochondria, in the plant it has the same mitochondria. Then in the animal cell there is ribosome, in the plant it is also the same ribosome. Then if in the animal cell there is a function to regulate cell structure or centriole,

if in the plant there is no centriol then the special thing about plants is that they are able to photosynthesize because there is a green plant the green plant is found in the organelle which is called a non-oxidant

I haven't talked about what is Plastida. So Plastida or maybe you've heard of chloroplasts, which are organs that contain pigment. Plastida itself is based on three types of pigment. There is what is called chloroplasts, then there is chromoplasts, and finally there is what is called leukoplasts.

As you can see from the name, the chloroplast contains chlorophyll pigment. The chromoplast contains other pigments other than green. What colors can it be? There are red, orange, brown, and yellow.

The red one is also called Vicoerythrin. The ginger or orange is the same color as the carrot. Carrot is the name of the pigment. For chocolate, it is called Fucosanthin. And the yellow one is called Xanthophyll.

We have learned this in class 10 when discussing about similar protists, plants, or algae. Then, the Leucoplas does not contain pigment. Because it does not contain pigment, the function of Leucoplas is to store food. What is it?

It turns out that based on the food stock that is stored, there are three, there is what is called amyloplasma, then there is proteoplasma, then there is Elioplasma or also called lipidoplasma.

amyloplasts, which are function to store amylum or flour or carbohydrates then proteoplasts, which function to store protein lipidoplasts, lipids are the same as fat, which are used to store fat then there are other different parts

The difference between animal cells and plants can be made in the form of a table. So if we check the difference between the animal and the plant. The animal is seen from the body protector, there is only a membrane cell.

means he doesn't have a cell wall in the plant, there is then the second is seen from the absence of this is the round one, the lysosome in the animal is in the plant, there is no then seen from the absence of the centriole or centrosome

in animals there is none, in plants there is none, then seen from the "there is none" chlorophyll or chloroplast or plastida, okay? in animals there is none, in plants there is none, there is another

If not, from this table we can remember with 3D keys. You just remember the special part. Oh yes, the big one is what? Oh yes, the Fakula, it hasn't been written yet. Smart, you guys are quite smart.

for vacuola, the central vacuola or the large vacuola in animals there is no, in plants there is for the difference between animals and plants, seen from the condition of the cell there is a 3D key, the 3D key you pay attention to the special organelle in animals the 3D key is Lysol then for plants

The key is the vase in the length of the plastic. For the organ or the part that is special in animals, animals have lice for lysosomes, and soles for centrioles or centrosomes. Then in plants, the special one is the vacuola. The central vacuola or the large vacuola. Then it has a part that arranges the cell wall.

then plastic is for plastida oh yes, I forgot to say for this cell wall consists of an substance called cellulose or you also know with fiber then there is lignin then there is also pectin

It will be discussed in class 11 about the network of growth. That's the difference between animal cells and plant cells. Any questions? Okay, if not, let's move on to the next one, namely about the transportation through the cell membrane. We have discussed the structure of the membrane cell. Now we discuss

What is the transport or change of matter through the membrane cell? It turns out that if it is differentiated based on the energy needs and the direction, the transport on the membrane cell is divided into two. There is what is called active transport. If there is active, there must be passive.

Another one is passive transport. What is the difference? For active transport, this is the difference, the difference, the change of something, whatever it is, from the little to the many. If we want to move something from the little to the many, it will be difficult, right? Therefore, active transport must need energy or ATP.

Why does it need energy? Because it is against the gradient of concentration. I mean, against the gradient of concentration, it moves something from a little to a lot. That's why it needs ATP. Then for passive transport,

That's the opposite of the active one. If active, it moves from a little to a lot. If passive, it means moving something, whatever it is, from a lot to a little. If moving from a lot to a little, it means it doesn't need ATP. Without ATP. Because it doesn't need energy because it doesn't fight the concentration gradient or in one direction.

with a concentration gradient that's the difference then for the type what is included in the active transport? there is what is called a ion pump then there is cotransport then there is endocytosis then there is exocytosis

For the passive transport, there are also various types. First, there is what is called diffusion, then there is facilitated diffusion, then there is osmosis. What are the differences between all these terms? We will discuss in the next session.

Okay, now let's continue for transport through membrane cell. The first one is called transport. Let's talk about passive transport first. For passive transport, there are three types, right? There is diffusion, there is osmosis, then there is facilitated diffusion. The first one for diffusion and osmosis is

often come out because of the daily repetition in the UN even for SBMPTN and also UM. Well, most students are confused about the difference between diffusion and osmosis. Let's check the difference between diffusion and osmosis. So for diffusion and osmosis, we see what changes

There must be a connection with the solution. So in the solution there are two components. There is what is called a solvent and there is a solvent. For example, this black is a solvent.

then for the solvent, the general one used is water for diffusion it is a process of moving something means the change is the change of the solvent

while for osmosis it is the change of the solution or because the general solution used is water, it can be said that osmosis is a water change then look at the direction, the principle of passive transport is a change of something, whatever it is, but from the many to the few

means for diffusion is the change of substance from a solution that has a lot of substance

a little bit of liquid solution for osmosis, what is it? for osmosis, it means the change of water from a lot of liquid solution to a little bit of liquid solution if there is a lot of liquid solution we also call it everyday language with thick or thick solution so if the diffusion of liquid solution from a liquid solution that is thick

because there are many substances to the solution which is liquid. For osmosis, the opposite means from the transfer of water from the solution which has a lot of water or liquid solution to the solution which has a little water, namely liquid solution. Or if we discuss it with molarity, we have learned in chemistry,

if the solution contains a lot of substance, it must be called a solution with high molarity or high concentration so we can also say that the solution is a solution with high concentration of substance

if it's liquid, it means the concentration of the substance is low for osmosis if the solution is liquid, the substance is automatically less if we say using the term concentration osmosis is the transfer of water from low concentration to high concentration because if we talk about concentration, what we usually see is the substance there is another name

for high concentration it is also called hypertonic solution while low concentration is called hypotonic solution for diffusion if osmosis means from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution

So if you look at it, the diffusion and osmosis are reversed. So you just have to remember one, the other one is just the opponent. Then, what I also like to be in the question is the osmosis application on the cell. Well, let's try to discuss it. Osmosis on the cell.

turns out that in the animal cells and the growth cells it can be different for example there are cells that are put into the hypotonic solution this is for example for animal cells then the one next to it is the growth cell the first condition if put into the isotonic solution

Isotonics is a solution that has the same concentration for animal cells if there is a glass of chemical content in isotonic solution for example water

One of the drinks is called isotonic drink. If there are animal cells that are put into isotonic solution, then there will be a change, but later the concentration will be the same. So the condition of the cell will not change or the condition of the cell will remain. The same goes for the growth cell. If it is put into isotonic solution, it will not look like it has changed.

because if there is water that enters, there is also water that comes out, so that the shape remains unchanged. This is the story if the cell is a plant, I will describe it as a wall of cells and a membrane. Then the second, if it is put into a solution that is hypertonic, what does hypertonic mean?

no, the hypertonic means a dense solution if it's dense, then the water content must be a little more if it is put into a hypertonic solution you have to remember the principle of osmosis the transfer of water from hypo to hyper it must be remembered

If in the animal cell, when it is inserted into a hypertonic solution, then the water content will be more in the cell. Because it's out of the hyper, then it's inside the hypo. So later the direction of the water change from hypo to hyper, from inside the cell to outside.

If the animal cell continues to lack water, then the animal cell will be clogged. I will describe later the condition of the cell becomes clogged or the other name is Crenaceous. Because it lacks fluid, because the fluid keeps coming out. Then for the growth cell, if it is inserted into a hypertonic solution, will the cell change?

there will be a change in the cell. In this growing cell, it will continue to decrease water because the solvent is hyper, right? Automatically in the cell, the water will move from hypo to hyper, the water will also come out. So if in the growing cell it will not be a rift,

but the membrane of the cell will be separated from the cell wall. Just imagine it's like a balloon that's put in a box. If the balloon is full of water or gas, make sure the balloon and the box will stick together. But if the balloon leaks,

Well, later the balloon will definitely be more compressed, the compression is inward while the box will not change. This is also the same, the cell wall in the growth cell will not change. What changes is the membrane cell will protrude in the middle or the membrane cell will be separated from the cell wall. For example, the picture is like this, this is the cell wall, the membrane is separated inward. This is called

plasmolysis or the release of membrane cells from the cell wall then if it is put into a hypotonic solution or the solution is liquid for hypotonic if it is put into liquid solution then later this animal cell

and entered by water because the direction of the water change is now reversed compared to the above so if the solution is hypo automatically in the cell is hyper and the direction of the water change from the solution enters the cell, just imagine if the cell continues to be entered by water, what will happen later?

It's the same as continuously filling gas in the balloon, so it will break. The condition of the broken cell is also called lysis or broken. What is the cell of the plant? When the plant is in the water, will it break like the animal cell?

it turns out that in the plant it doesn't so when it enters the water continuously from the hypotonic solution then later in the plant cell it will experience a fusion or another name is called turgid so the area of ​​the membrane of the cell penetrates the contents of the cell until it is fused or the other name is turgid

this is for osmosis in cells whether it's an animal or a plant the second we discuss about diffusing with facilities for diffusing with facilities is the process of moving the substance in a diffusion but assisted by protein there is protein

carrier, there is also a protein that acts as a hole or this is also called a career protein if you understand, we continue to the next transport, namely active transport for active transport, remember again, what was Masyami? yes, there is what is called an ion pump

then there is cotransport then endocytosis then there is exocytosis the first for the ion pump this ion pump occurs in

the exchange of ion sodium and potassium so the exchange of ion sodium and potassium actually happens because of potential differences or the difference in mass. The exchange of sodium and potassium occurs when the impulse is triggered, which means there is a connection with the seraphic cell. Later this will be learned in the second semester for the seraphic cell. Then

The second is cotransport. Cotransport means the change of an object that must involve the change of another object. For example, if you want to enter a sucrose, for example, this is

What was the tail? It is the membrane cell. For example, you want to put the membrane cell, no, membrane cell, put glucose into the membrane cell or into the cell, then what must be done is, this is the outer part, this is the inner part, what must be done is to release H+ so that sucrose can enter.

Then the third one is endocytosis and exocytosis. Both are similar. If endo, endo means to enter. So there is an outside substance that enters the inside. If exo means from the inside, it enters the outside. Later you just pay attention to the picture. For example, this is the condition inside the cell. Then

If there is an object that must enter, then the object will be released together with the membrane cell. Then from the membrane cell, it will form a bag. Just differentiate the image, the color. Later, the outer part will be released together with the membrane, then it will form a bag, so that the object from the outside can enter.

This is the story of the vesicle or the stomach earlier. Then for exocytosis, the substance from the inside, exo means out. If there is a substance that must be released from the inside of the cell, then later usually from the body of the gallbladder, later it will be carried by the vesicle which is placed close to the body of the gallbladder, then later it will leak with the membrane of the cell.

then it will be released out so what differentiates is the direction so if the endocytosis, the blood enters if exocytosis, the blood comes out it is related to the membrane cell and also the vesicle or the stomach then there are two types of endocytosis there is what is called phagocytosis

and the other one is pinocytosis the difference is if phagocytosis, the substance that enters the cell is a solid substance phag, phag means to swallow, if it swallows it means the substance is solid if pino, it is the substance that enters the cell, it is liquid the fifth is cotransport

5th, oh, the co-transport is done, yes? Oh, for the co-transport, there are several kinds, some are called co-transport unipore, then there is simpor, and there is also antipore. The difference is that the unipore is the entry of one kind of substance in only one direction, if simpor, the substance is more than one.

more than or equal to two but still one direction for the antipore the movement of the substance is more than or equal to two and the direction is also opposite for this transport code there is a 3D key the 3D key is USA U for unipore S for simpor A for antipore anyone want to ask first?

Okay, the material was done, now let's try to evaluate it. Okay, I'll try to draw it. You guess what organelle is in the cell. Okay? If the organelle in the animal cell that looks like a sausage, what function is this for? It functions to breathe the cell. What organelle is this? That's right, mitochondria.

This is for animal cells. Then the part that is special about animal cells, which are two here, I said it was like a macaroni. What? Well, that is the centriole, the function is to regulate the excretion. Then there is the middle part, what is this if the skin?

Yes, it is a nucleus. The skin is an inti membrane. Now for the growth cell, try to guess. The part that is special in the growth that serves to store food. Yes, the big one. In front of V.

then the part of the growth cell that functions as a photosynthesis site that contains chlorophyll. What was it? Chloroplast? Yes, it's chloroplast or you can use the general term plastida. Then for transport through the membrane cell earlier,

if there is an animal cell, put it in a hypotonic solution, what will it be like? animal cells are put into a hypotonic solution remember, this means it goes into the osmosis example, yes, that's right, if the osmosis means that the water is moving, the water is moving from where to where

Yes, from hypo to hyper, so the water from the hypotonic solution goes into the animal cell, it continues to flow into the water, so later it will be lysis or break. Okay, then the membrane cell that is afraid of water, what part? The one with the tail head, what was it called?

Yes, that's right, this is called phospholipid. Then the big part is, well, this one, do you still remember? That's right, protein. Then, earlier you asked, the part that is afraid of water or cannot be tied to water, which one? The round one or the tail? Well, that's the tail, or it was called the lipid part, which is also called

hydrophobic. Okay, just do a lot of practice again, hopefully you can master the material. Well, for this time, I have collected the material here. Hopefully it can help children learn at home. If anyone wants to ask, children can open it at bimbaltri.com. See you again.