Full Transcript

Gagasan Gagasan Para Pendiri Bangsa tentang Dasar Negara

16:12923 summary words · ~5 min readEnglishBy pakwon ppknTranscribed Jul 19, 2026

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Summary

The founders debated Indonesia's state foundation at the first BPUPK session (May 29–June 1, 1945), but only Soekarno answered the core question fully by proposing Pancasila's five principles on June 1.

Understanding these founding debates clarifies why Pancasila—not alternative proposals—became Indonesia's constitutional bedrock and what each principle was meant to prevent.

Section summaries

Intro and Title Cards

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The video opens with music and title cards stating the topic: the ideas of the nation's founders about the foundation of the state. No substantive content is presented before the narration begins.

Pure intro music and title with no information.

BPUPK Session Context and Rajiman's Question

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The narrator explains the first BPUPK session ran May 29–June 1, 1945 as a forum to discuss Indonesia's state basis. Chairman Dr. KRT Rajiman Wediodiningrat opened with the question 'What is the basis of the Indonesian state we will form?' Members spoke freely for 4 days with no Japanese pressure, so views reflected their own aspirations. However, most speeches focused on state form and government, not the basis question.

Rajiman's question on the state basis anchored the whole session.
The trial atmosphere was free from Japanese interference, making inputs genuinely local.
Founders mostly avoided the basis question to prevent division.

Sets the historical frame and the central unanswered question.

Why Founders Avoided the Basis Question

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Per Muhammad Hatta's 1984 article, BPUPK members did not want to answer the basis question fully because they feared answers would not be accepted by all and trigger prolonged debate. Historical sources still show partial ideas: Muhammad Yamin (May 29) proposed three bases—deliberation/consensus/custom, customary representation, wisdom/rationalism.

Hatta documented the self-censorship on basis topics in 1984.
Yamin's three bases emphasized custom and rationalism, not a single ideology.

Explains the gap between the question and most responses.

Founders' Partial Ideas (May 29–31)

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The video lists founders' ideas: RA Wiranata Kusuma (harmony with God's will, non-discriminatory unity); KRMT Haur Janingrat (family spirit); Susanto Tirtoprojo (nationalism, unity desire, family feeling); AM Dasa (faith in God); MO Hatta (May 30, separate religion from state); R Abdul Rahim (unity plus Islam with freedom for others); Supomo (May 31, unity/family/mutual cooperation, uphold morals); Ki Bagus Hadi Kusumo (May 31, Islam as state basis).

Hatta wanted divinity realized by separating religious and state affairs.
Ki Bagus Hadi Kusumo explicitly sought Islam as the state foundation.
Supomo tied unity to mutual cooperation and noble character.

Shows the range of pre-Soekarno proposals and their disagreements.

Soekarno's Five Principles Announced

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On June 1, 1945, Soekarno explained five principles for independent Indonesia he called Pancasila: nationality, internationalism/humanity, consensus/democracy, social welfare, divinity. Music follows before the detailed speech analysis.

Soekarno named the five principles Pancasila on June 1.
The five are nationality, internationalism, consensus, welfare, divinity.

Marks the pivot from fragmented ideas to a synthesized proposal.

Soekarno's Speech and Grondslag Concept

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History records Soekarno as the only member who answered Rajiman fully, speaking unscripted for 1 hour (9–10 AM) on June 1. He said others addressed things not requested—the 'philosophy of grondslag' (Dutch for basis philosophy). He argued the basis must be strong and reflect the most fundamental values for regulating state life.

Soekarno spoke 1 hour without text to answer the basis question.
Grondslag means the philosophical basis of a country, per Dutch term.

Clarifies why his speech is the definitive source.

Pancasila Principles 1–4 Explained

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Soekarno defined nationality as all Indonesians from Sumatra to Irian as one unit, not just colonized fate. Internationalism meant respecting all mankind and moving to world brotherhood. Consensus/deliberation meant a state of all for all via representatives. Social welfare meant no poverty and justice, with prosperity for all not just some.

Nationality covers the whole archipelago as divinely determined unity.
Internationalism forbids looking down on other nations.
Representative deliberation is called the absolute requirement for a strong state.
Welfare principle targets elimination of poverty in independent Indonesia.

Breaks down the first four principles with direct speech evidence.

Divinity Principle and Closing Warning

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The fifth basis, divinity, required each Indonesian to believe in their own God and the state to respect noble character and differences. Soekarno named Pancasila from Sanskrit panca (five) and sila (basis). He closed stating independence is not the end; the nation must realize ideals despite risks, and only a soul burning for independence can hold it—'Freedom or death?'

Divinity protects free religious practice with mutual respect.
Pancasila's name derives from Sanskrit panca and sila.
Soekarno warned independence begins, not ends, the struggle.

Completes the principle set and delivers the civic call to action.

Outro Music

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The video ends with music and a non-Indonesian vocal exclamation; no further content is provided.

Closing music with no informational content.

Key points

BPUPK's open founding debate — The first BPUPK session (May 29–June 1, 1945) let members freely propose state foundations without Japanese interference, yet most avoided answering the core question directly for fear of division.
Soekarno's sole comprehensive answer — Soekarno delivered an unscripted 1-hour speech on June 1, 1945 answering Rajiman's question with five principles he named Pancasila (Sanskrit: five bases).
Pancasila's five principles defined — Soekarno's five bases were nationality (unity across archipelago), internationalism/humanitarianism, representative deliberation/consensus, social welfare, and divinity (freedom of each to believe in their own God).
Independence as unfinished struggle — Soekarno closed by warning that independence was not the end but the start of realizing people's ideals, requiring courage against risks and a 'freedom or death' resolve.

“What is the basis of the Indonesian state that we will form?” — Dr. KRT Rajiman Wediodiningrat

“We must not only establish an independent Indonesian state, but we must also move towards a family of nations.” — Soekarno

AI-generated from the transcript. May contain errors.

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H

0:08

[Music]

0:17

[Music]

0:22

The ideas of the nation's founders

0:24

about the foundation of the state. The first session of

0:27

the BPUPK, which took place from

0:30

May 29 to June 1,

0:32

1945, was a forum for the

0:35

nation's founders to discuss what would

0:37

be the basis for an

0:40

independent Indonesia. The things that the

0:42

nation's founders conveyed at the session are

0:44

certainly interesting to observe. Each

0:47

character certainly has

0:49

different ideas even though there are similarities to each

0:51

other. We will examine further the

0:54

thoughts of the nation's founders

0:56

. Including the ideas conveyed by

0:58

Soekarno about Pancasila in the speech

1:01

he delivered on June 1,

1:03

1945

1:05

at the BPUPK session. Apart from being a

1:07

marker for the birth of Pancasila,

1:09

the speech is also the main source or

1:11

reference for all of us to

1:14

understand Pancasila.

1:16

One, the ideas in the

1:18

first BPU PK session at the opening of the

1:20

first BPUPK session. One question

1:23

was raised by Dr. KRT Rajiman Wediod

1:26

Ningrat as Chairman of BPUPK in

1:28

his speech. One question contained the main topic of

1:31

discussion at the

1:33

first BPU PK hearing. The question reads,

1:36

"What is the basis of the Indonesian state that

1:38

we will form?" For 4

1:40

consecutive days from May 29 to

1:43

June 1, 1945,

1:47

the members of Dokurit Zulzi Tiosakai

1:49

expressed their opinions

1:51

openly. The atmosphere of the trial provided an

1:54

opportunity for the BPUPK members

1:56

to convey their ideas or

1:58

thoughts in order to answer the questions

2:00

submitted by Dr. KRT Rajiman

2:02

Wedio Ningrat.

2:04

In this case, it is important to note

2:06

that the atmosphere of the trial at that time was

2:08

relatively free from interference and pressure from the

2:11

Japanese authorities so that each member of the

2:13

BPU PK was free to express

2:15

his ideas.

2:17

Thus, the various views or

2:20

ideas that emerged in the session were

2:21

purely based on the aspirations of the

2:24

BPUPK members. However,

2:26

the ideas presented in

2:28

their speeches were more related to the

2:30

form of the state, how to run

2:32

the government, and so on. Even if

2:35

there were any, what they conveyed

2:37

regarding the basic issues of the state was not

2:39

conveyed in full. According to

2:42

Muhammad Hatta et al. in his article

2:45

entitled Description of Pancasila

2:47

1984,

2:49

this was because the members of the BPU PK did

2:52

not want to answer questions

2:54

about the basis of the state. They were worried that

2:57

their answers would not be fully

2:58

accepted by all members of the

3:00

assembly and would give rise to

3:02

prolonged debate.

3:04

However, from various

3:07

historical sources, several ideas that emerged

3:09

through speeches delivered by the

3:11

nation's founders at the first session of

3:14

the BPUPK are as follows. One,

3:18

Muhammad Yamin's idea in the

3:20

first session of the BPUPK in the minutes of the

3:23

BPUPK session on May 29,

3:27

1945, it

3:29

was written that Muhammad Yamin did not

3:31

specifically convey the basis of the state.

3:34

However, Muhammad Yamin

3:37

put forward three bases, namely

3:39

one, deliberation, consensus,

3:43

custom, two, customary representation, three,

3:47

wisdom, rationalism.

3:50

Two, the idea of RA Wiranata Kusuma in the

3:54

first session of the BPUPK in his speech

3:57

at the BPUPK session on May 29,

4:01

1945,

4:03

RA Wiranata Kusuma

4:05

stated, among other things, the importance of

4:08

harmony with the will of God

4:10

Almighty and the main requirement, namely a sense of

4:13

unity that does not discriminate, and

4:15

mutual respect for one

4:18

another. Three, the idea of KRMT Haur

4:21

Janingrat in the first session of the BPUPK

4:24

in his speech at the BPUPK session

4:27

on May 29, 1945,

4:31

KRMTHur Janingrat said, among other things,

4:34

that independence must be

4:36

based on the family spirit of the Indonesian nation.

4:39

Four. Susanto Tirtoprojo's idea in the

4:42

first session of BPUPK. In his speech

4:45

at the BPU PK session on May 29,

4:49

1945,

4:51

Susanto Tirtoprojo said, among other things,

4:53

that the fundamental principles of

4:56

the state include one spirit of

4:58

nationalism, two desires for unity, and

5:02

three feelings of family.

5:05

Five. AM DASA's ideas at the

5:08

first BPUPK session in his speech at the

5:10

BPUPK session on May 29 1945.

5:16

AMD Dasat, among other things, said that

5:19

independent Indonesia must be based on

5:22

faith and trust in God, God who

5:24

controls the heavens and the earth. Six.

5:28

MO's idea. Hatta in the first session of the

5:30

BPUPK in his speech at the BPUPK session

5:34

on May 30, 1945,

5:38

Hatta said among other things that the

5:40

basis of divinity must be realized by

5:43

separating religious affairs from

5:45

state affairs. Seven ideas of R. Abdul Rahim

5:49

Pratalik Krama in the first session of

5:51

the BPUPK in his speech at the BPUPK session

5:54

on May 30, 1945.

5:59

R. Abdul Rahim Pratalik Krama stated

6:01

that the basis of the state is one unity of the

6:04

people and two religions, Islam, with the

6:07

broadest possible freedom for adherents of

6:10

religions other than Islam. Delan.

6:14

Supo's idea in the first session of the BPUPK in

6:17

his speech at the BPUPK session on

6:21

May 31, 1945,

6:24

Supongomo stated, among other things, that

6:26

the basis of unity, the spirit of family,

6:29

and the spirit of mutual cooperation were very relevant

6:31

to the character of Indonesian society.

6:35

Moreover, Supongo also stated that

6:38

the state must maintain

6:39

noble human character and

6:41

uphold the noble moral ideals of the people.

6:46

Ki Bagus Hadi Kusumo's idea in the

6:48

first session of the BPU PK in his speech

6:51

at the BPU PK session on May 31,

6:55

1945,

6:57

Ki Bagus Hadi Kusumo

6:59

asked for Islam to be made the basis and

7:02

foundation of the state.

7:04

10. Soekarno's idea in the

7:07

first session of the BPUPK in his speech at the

7:09

BPUPK session on June 1, 1945,

7:15

Soekarno explained the five principles of the state

7:17

for an independent Indonesia which he called

7:19

Pancasila, namely one nationality,

7:23

two internationalism or

7:26

humanity,

7:27

three consensus or democracy, four

7:31

social welfare and five

7:35

divinity. Two, Soekarno's idea about

7:38

Pancasila in a speech on June 1,

7:40

1945.

7:44

[Music]

8:01

[Music]

8:06

History records that the only

8:08

member who answered

8:10

the question of the Chairman of BPUPK

8:12

about the basis of the Indonesian state in a complete and comprehensive manner was

8:14

Soekarno by giving a speech without a text

8:17

on June 1, 1945 for 1

8:21

hour, namely from around 9:00 to

8:24

10:00. Soekarno answered

8:26

the question of Dr. KRT Rajiman Wedio Ningrat

8:28

regarding the state foundation for Indonesia

8:31

which would be independent said at

8:33

the beginning of his speech as follows. After

8:36

3 consecutive days, members of

8:38

Dokurit Suziundi Tiosakai expressed

8:40

their opinions.

8:42

So now I have the honor

8:43

from Your Excellency Mr Chairman to

8:45

also express my opinion. Sorry

8:49

a thousand sorrys. Many members have

8:51

made speeches and in their speeches they have

8:54

expressed things which were not actually

8:56

requested by His Excellency the Chairman,

8:58

namely not the basis for Indonesian independence.

9:01

In my opinion, what your Majesty, the

9:04

Honorable Chairman, is asking for is in

9:06

Dutch the philosophy of Grons rather than

9:10

independent Indonesia. What is

9:13

Gron Slag's philosophy? The term Gron Slake philosophy is

9:15

taken from Dutch, meaning

9:17

philosophy or thought that is the basis

9:19

of a country. Based on

9:22

his speech on June 1,

9:24

1945,

9:26

Soekarno stated that the Se

9:28

Gronlake philosophy or thoughts that would

9:30

become the basis for an independent Indonesian state

9:32

must be strong and

9:34

reflect the most

9:35

fundamental, essential and important values for

9:38

regulating the life of the state that was

9:40

founded on it. Therefore,

9:43

in his speech, Soekarno

9:45

explained that the state foundation he

9:47

proposed for an independent Indonesia

9:49

was as follows. A. Nationality. The

9:53

first basis put forward by

9:54

Soekarno was nationality as he

9:56

said below. In short, the

10:00

Indonesian nation, the Indonesian nation

10:02

is not just one group of people

10:04

who live with the jokes of

10:06

reversed depetik et ensemble. the desire to

10:08

live together in a small area

10:11

such as Minangkabau, Madura or Yokia

10:14

or Sunda or Bugis. But the

10:17

Indonesian nation is all humans

10:19

who have been determined by Allah

10:21

Subhanahu wa Taala to live in the unity of

10:24

all the Indonesian islands from the

10:26

northern tip of Sumatra to Irian.

10:29

All of this as a single basis of nationality,

10:32

what Soekarno meant was not merely

10:34

the desire of every person who

10:35

had the same fate of being colonized. to

10:38

unite into an Indonesian nation,

10:40

but also unity between the

10:42

people who make up the

10:43

Indonesian nation and their homeland.

10:46

B. Humanitarian internationalism.

10:50

This second basis was conveyed by Soekarno

10:52

in the following speech on June 1,

10:55

1945

10:56

. Gentlemen, don't say that the

11:00

Indonesian nation is the best and

11:02

most noble and look down on other nations.

11:05

We must move towards world unity.

11:07

world brotherhood. We must not only

11:10

establish an independent Indonesian state

11:11

, but we must also move

11:14

towards a family of nations.

11:16

In fact, this is my second principle

11:18

which I may call

11:20

internationalism. The internationalism

11:22

that Soekarno meant as the

11:24

second basis was the Indonesian nation's respect

11:25

for

11:27

universal humanitarian values for all

11:29

mankind. With that, the

11:32

Indonesian nation must not only

11:34

uphold humanitarian values in

11:36

its life. but we must also not

11:38

underestimate other nations and must move

11:40

towards world brotherhood. C. Consensus

11:44

and democratic representative deliberation

11:46

. Then, as the third basis

11:49

, Soekarno proposed consensus and

11:51

deliberation of democratic representation

11:54

as explained in his speech

11:56

below. Then what is the

11:59

third basis? The basis is the basis of consensus, the

12:03

basis of representation, the basis of deliberation.

12:06

Indonesia is not a country for

12:08

one person, not a country for one

12:10

group, even if it is a rich group. But

12:14

we established a country of all for all,

12:17

one for all, all for one. I

12:20

believe that the absolute requirement for a strong

12:22

Indonesian state is

12:24

representative deliberation. With this third basis

12:27

, according to Soekarno, he wanted the

12:29

Indonesian state that would be

12:31

established later to belong to

12:33

all and work for all

12:35

Indonesian people. Therefore, the state must

12:38

uphold every aspiration of the

12:40

Indonesian people so that it can be discussed

12:42

through a representative body

12:45

that works for the interests of all

12:46

Indonesian people.

12:49

D. Social welfare. Then the

12:52

fourth basis proposed by Soekarno in

12:54

his speech on June 1, 1945

12:58

was social welfare. On

13:01

this basis, Soekarno proposed that the

13:04

future Indonesian state

13:06

should create prosperity that would

13:09

not only cover certain groups,

13:11

but prosperity that could be

13:13

enjoyed fairly by all

13:15

Indonesian people. Thus, the realization of

13:19

prosperity is closely linked to

13:21

the principle of justice as

13:23

explained in the following speech. The

13:26

fourth principle I now

13:28

propose is the principle of welfare.

13:31

The principle is that there will be no poverty in an

13:33

independent Indonesia. People want to

13:36

prosper. People who previously felt

13:39

they had little to eat and enough to wear

13:41

created a new world in which

13:44

there was justice. B. Divinity.

13:47

Then as the fifth basis, Soekarno

13:50

proposed divinity as

13:53

stated below. The principle of divinity.

13:56

Not only should the Indonesian people believe in God,

13:59

but each Indonesian

14:01

should believe in God, their own God.

14:04

And the Indonesian state, a

14:07

state that believes in God, should be a state that believes

14:09

in culture, a state that believes in

14:12

noble character, a state that

14:14

respects one another. My heart will

14:18

celebrate if you

14:20

agree that an independent Indonesian state is

14:22

based on the belief in one Almighty God

14:25

. What Soekarno meant by believing in God was

14:27

not only the Indonesian nation,

14:30

but also every person who is

14:32

part of the Indonesian nation. Based on

14:35

this divinity, all

14:38

Indonesians are required to practice the

14:41

religious teachings they believe in

14:43

freely in a civilized manner,

14:46

namely by mutually respecting and honoring the

14:48

differences of other religions.

14:51

Soekarno's idea of five state principles for the

14:53

future independent Indonesia was

14:56

given the name Pancasila.

14:59

According to him in his speech on June 1,

15:01

1945,

15:04

the word Pancasila comes from a combination of two

15:07

Sanskrit words, namely panca which

15:09

means five and sila which means

15:12

basis. Before finishing his speech,

15:15

Soekarno stated that do not think that

15:18

by achieving independence, the

15:20

struggle of the Indonesian nation had

15:22

achieved its goal. Independence is not the

15:25

end of the struggle. The Indonesian nation

15:29

must realize its ideals during the

15:31

independence period. The struggle to realize

15:34

the desires and ideals of all

15:36

Indonesian people will only be achieved if

15:38

the people are not afraid to face challenges

15:40

and risks. In closing his speech

15:44

on June 1, Soekarno said that

15:47

independence can only be obtained and

15:49

possessed by a nation whose soul is

15:51

burning with the determination for independence.

15:54

Freedom or death?

16:01

[Music]

16:04

เฮ

16:08

[Music]

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