BIOLOGI Kelas 11 - Struktur dan Organel Sel | GIA Academy

Hi Love

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hello hello friends welcome

back to the GYA Academy youtube channel

Hopefully friends are always healthy and

keep up the spirit yes during the rainy season

we usually like to enjoy

warm and soupy foods such as chicken noodle soup

or meatballs in a bowl of meatballs

there are meatballs, noodles, vegetables and soup which

when combined will give a

delicious taste well did you know friends the bowl of

meatballs is similar to

one of the units in our body, namely cells

in a bowl of meatballs there is a bowl

that resembles a cell membrane

meatball soup is likened to cell fluid

or cytoplasm then the elements that

make up meatballs are the same as the

organelles in the

cell all the components in a bowl of

meatballs have different functions

and complement each other so that the

delicious taste of meatballs is created likewise with

cells even though they are small cells

have organelles that have

various structures and functions and

work together what are the

cell organelles and their functions we

will learn in this video

cell structure and organelles

Hi based on the state of the core cells

are divided into two namely

prokaryotic cells that do not have a

nuclear membrane for example bacterial cells and

eukaryotes that have a nuclear membrane,

for example, are fungal cells, animal cells and

plant cells, prokaryotic cells do not

have a nuclear membrane and do not have an

endomembrane system, prokaryotic cells

generally consist of cytoplasm,

ribosomes, mesosomes, select capsules, cell walls,

plasma membranes, flagella, and nucleoids

in the form of RNA and circular DNA. The

parts of the prokaryotic cell

have their respective functions. The

cell wall functions as a protector and

gives shape to the cell body, the

plasma membrane protects the cell, regulates the entry and

exit of ions and molecules, and

regulates respiration. The

cytoplasm is useful in the process of

digesting food intracellularly

and carrying out cell metabolism. The

mesosome functions as an

energy producer, ribosomes are where

protein synthesis takes place. DNA

carries genetic information that will be

inherited for offspring and Erna

to make genetic codes according to DNA

in the form of amino acids. In contrast to

prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are

cells that have a nuclear membrane and an

endomembrane system. Eukaryotic cells

have cell organelles

consisting of a cell wall, plasma membrane,

cytoplasm, ribosomes, lysosomes, centrosomes, endoplasmic

reticulum, mitochondria,

Golgi complex, nucleus and nucleolus.

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Now Bali we will discuss the parts of the

cell. starting from the plasma membrane yes

Hi plasma membrane has

selective permeable properties That is, it can

select molecules that enter the

cell plasma membrane is composed of lipids,

proteins and carbohydrates in the

plasma membrane there is a phospholipid bilayer

phospholipids consist of a phosphate layer

on the head and lipids on the tail in a

double shape and are fluid

or can change shape and

position phospholipid bilayer consists of

two areas namely hydrophilic which

is the head part that likes water

and hydrophobic the tail part that does not

like water in addition to the phospholipid layer in the

plasma membrane there is also a

protein layer consisting of

integral proteins which are proteins

found in both phospholipid layers and

function as a funnel for the entry of

molecules from outside the cell peripheral proteins

are proteins that are only found

in one layer

Cut only in addition to that in the plasma membrane

there are also protein channels glycogen

and cholesterol cholesterol in animals and

phytosterol in plants is a type of

fat in the cell membrane that reduces

the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer glycogen

is a carbohydrate group found

on the surface of the plasma membrane that

functions as a storage place for

food reserves glycogen consists of

glycoproteins attached to

membrane proteins and glycolipids attached

to phospholipids plasma membrane this

functions as a cell protector regulator of the

entry and exit of molecules and the place where

respiration and oxidation reactions take place the

next part of the cell is the

cytoplasm cytoplasm has properties

that are able to recognize and transmit

stimuli cytoplasm functions

as a cell chemical and a place where

metabolic reactions occur the

main components in the cytoplasm consist of

cytosol, which is a fluid in the cytoplasm

genetic substance cytoskeleton or

cell framework and cell organelles

next we will discuss the

cell organelles attached to the

cytoplasm the first organelle is the

nucleus or cell nucleus the nucleus consists

of a nuclear membrane nucleoplasm nucleolus

and chromatin nuclear membrane is the

outermost layer of the cell nucleus found in

eukaryotic organisms nuclear membrane

has small pores that

function as a place for

substances to enter and exit and protect chromosomes from

mixing with large molecules from the

cytoplasm nucleoplasm is a fluid

found in the cell nucleus

nucleolus is a child of the cell nucleus that

functions as a place for RNA synthesis

chromatin is a part of the cell nucleus that

houses chromosomes the nucleus

functions to regulate cell division

control all cell activities

carry genetic information DNA replication

and protein synthesis the next organelle

endoplasmic reticulum re is a

connection between the nuclear membrane ribosomes and the

Golgi body in the form of a flat sac

which fills part of the cytoplasm of the

endoplasmic reticulum there are two types namely

smooth ER and rough RF

smooth endoplasmic reticulum is ER that does not

have ribosomes located far from the

nuclear membrane the function of smooth ER is

as a place of fat synthesis for

carbohydrate metabolism hormones

calcium storage and detoxification of

poisons rough endoplasmic reticulum is

wuih which has ribosomes located

mostly close to the nuclear membrane

its function is to synthesize

proteins with ribosomes that will be

used in the membrane or outside the cell

so in general the function of ER is to

synthesize fat and cholesterol as a

means of transport between molecules

neutralize toxins and accommodate proteins

synthesized by ribosomes

found in rough RX then

ribosomes ribosomes are a combined unit of protein

with Erna ribosomes are spread freely in the

cytoplasm and some are attached to the

surface reyrzq13 bosoms function to

synthesize proteins that are useful for

cell metabolic activities Golgi complex

or golgi body Golgi complex

is a collection of small bubble spaces

and small pockets that are stacked

Golgi com functions to run the

secretion system to form a plasma membrane as a

place for polysaccharide synthesis and

form an acrosome

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Hi maybe organelles The last is the

mitochondria consisting of an outer membrane, an

inner membrane that functions to

carry out the respiratory chain that

produces ATP, cristae are useful for

expanding the membrane surface to

absorb oxygen, the matrix functions

as a place for fatty acid oxidation,

mitochondria or the powerhouse of cells

are energy producers and where

cellular respiration takes place, Well

friends, those are the organelles in

eukaryotic cells, all the organelles that we discussed

earlier are found in plant cells and

animal cells, but both have differences,

what are the differences? Let's discuss

further in animal cells there are

special organelles in the form of lysosomes, centrioles,

and small vacuoles,

while in plant cells there are

special organelles in the form of chloroplasts,

cell walls, and large vacuoles, and

this is the complete structure of plant cells

consisting of cell walls, plasmodesmata,

protoplasmic lamella, peroxisomes,

golgi bodies, vacuoles, middle cytoskeleton, mitochondria,

plastids, chloroplasts, rough and

smooth RX, nuclear membrane, chromatin, and

nucleoli. Now we discuss

special organelles in plant cells, first, the

cell wall, the cell wall has a structure

consisting of a primary wall,

secondary wall, middle lamella, and plasmodesmata, the

cell wall is composed of cellulose

Hemicellulose and pectin cellulose

are rigid and give cell shape

and maintain cell turgidity.

The function of the cell wall includes

supporting the cell, protecting the plasma membrane,

maintaining cell balance from pressure

and giving shape to the cell. The

next special organelle is the vacuole, which is a

cytoplasmic organelle containing fluid that is

limited by the tonoplast membrane. In

old plant cells, the vacuole appears

large and contains

food reserves and pigments. The vacuole is divided

into three types, namely the middle vacuole

or tonoplast. The vacuole that dominates

plant cells functions as a

place to store food. The

food vacuole functions as a

place for digestion, storage, and

distribution of food. The contractile

vacuole pulsating vacuole functions as

an osmoregulator, namely regulating the

osmotic value in the cell as a whole. The

vacuole

functions as a place to store

food substances, store pigments, store

essential oils, enter water through the

tonoplast and as a place to store

metabolic waste. The last special organ of

plant cells is plastids.

Plastids have a structure consisting

of an outer membrane, an inner membrane, grana,

and thylakoids. Plastics are

double-membrane organelles that originate from

the development of proplastids in the

meristematic region based on the pigments they

contain plastids are divided into

chloroplasts containing chlorophyll which is

useful as a place for photosynthesis

chromoplasts containing

non-photosynthetic pigments consisting of

red, orange and yellow leukoplasts

colorless pigments which are useful as a

place for storing food next the

complete structure of animal cells consists

of

Hi plasma membrane centrosome peroxisome

cytoskeleton protoplasm golgi body

ribosomes lysosomes mitochondria chromatin nucleolus

nuclear membrane RX rough er fine

and small vacuoles next we will

discuss special organelles in animal cells the

first special organelle is

lysosome lysosome is a membrane sac

containing digestive enzymes in the form of protease

lipase nuclease and phosphatase lysosome

has a function to carry out

intracellular digestion destroying

unwanted cell structures or

out tofak releasing enzymes out of the cell

or exocytosis destroying the cell itself

or out tol Isis and the second special organ

is centriole centriole has a

star-shaped structure that functions in

cell division both mitosis

and Meiosis in animal cells

there is also a centrosome which consists of two

centrioles which also play a role in

cell division well, friends, until here,

friends can understand, so that

friends understand more Let's

solve the following example questions

Hi, the first question contains several characteristics

of cell organelles and we are asked to

determine the organelles that match

these characteristics for questions like this

we can immediately answer them if we

already know the characteristics of the organelles

in question, if not, we need to

match one by one the answer options

with their characteristics according to the material

we have studied option a nucleus is

round in shape and its main function

is to control all

cell activities option B lysosomes are like

membrane sacs that are useful for digestion

in animal cells C golgi bodies are

flat sacs that are stacked for the

excretion process D mitochondria are

small sacs as energy producers and option

e-red endoplasmic reticulum is shaped

like a net that is useful for

fat and cholesterol synthesis and can

neutralize toxins so the correct answer

is

Hi e.sol second is given a picture of a

prokaryotic cell and we are asked to determine the

part that has the same function

as mitochondria we know Mitochondria

are energy producers in

eukaryotic cells and organelles that have the same

function as energy producers

are mesosomes which are indicated by the

number 5 while the number 1 shows

ribosomes two plasma membranes three

cytoplasm and number 4 is choose the

correct answer is e the

next question there are several

cell organelles we are asked to determine the organelles that are

only found in animal cells to

answer it we remember again the organelles that

distinguish plant cells and animal cells

are plant cells have chloroplasts

for photosynthesis cell walls as

protectors and large vacuoles

while animal cells have send

10 and centrosomes for cell division

and lysosomes for digestion so the

correct answer is B centrioles and

lysosomes the fourth question is given a picture of an

animal cell and we are asked to determine

the name and function of the organelle indicated

by the letter x Well friends we remember

again the organelle in the form of a membrane sac

in the picture is a lysosome whose

main function is to carry out

intracellular digestion because in the membrane sac

there are digestive enzymes so the

correct answer is

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Hi the last question is given a picture of a

plant cell we are asked to determine the organelle

that functions as a storage of

food reserves and accumulation of

metabolic waste Let's remember again the

organelles that make up plant cells

and their functions as described in the

following table and the organelle that has the function

as a food reserve and accumulation of

metabolic waste is vacuole

indicated by the letter g so the

correct answer is e Okay friends,

now we can differentiate

organelles in animal cells and plant cells

along with their respective functions, can you

understand that? That's

our discussion about cell structure and organelles,

don't forget to keep watching the

latest videos on our channel,

see you in the next video

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