Sosiologi Kelas X: Apa Itu Sosiologi?

Every day we must meet other humans. Unless you live in a cave on top of a mountain in Antarctica.

Well, we can't live alone because we need to interact. For example, with friends at school, or with the police officer who is organizing the road, or with our brother and sister. Life seems to be very difficult if we are alone every day, right? Our interactions with people around us can be various. For example, every morning we always greet our parents before going to school.

Sometimes, we get angry on the street when it turns out that there's a traffic jam and we're late for school. After school, we still have to follow the flag ceremony on the school's field. But, have you ever thought about why we have to greet our parents?

Why can there be traffic jams on the streets? And why can't we go to school late? Or why do we have to have a flag ceremony every Monday? We will find out about all of that and more about humans, especially you. Yes, you will learn about yourself with me, Ade. Welcome to Pahamify Sociology.

Sociology was introduced by a French philosopher named Auguste Comte in the 1800s He wanted to have knowledge that systematically learned the community so that it could be obtained a way to investigate and solve the basic problems around it

When we see traffic jams or when we are arguing with classmates, it feels inappropriate if we are looking for solutions using chemistry or biology. Well, that's why sociology emerged as a science to answer social phenomena in society. So what is sociology actually?

Sociology is a science that studies the society and human behavior. Remember, those two things, society and human behavior. In society, there is the smallest unit, namely you, your mother, your father, your schoolmates, and... Doi.

They are called individuals one by one. Later, these individuals will interact with each other, interact with each other, and influence each other. So, it can be said that sociology learned about the interaction of individuals with individuals, individuals with society, and even society with society. Well, if you hear the word society,

Maybe what you think of is a large group of people, like the Indonesian community. But actually, it can also consist of a small number of people. Like you and your friends and teachers at school, or a group of traders in the market.

or the group of drivers. Well, all of that can be called a community. Or even your family. Yes, your family can also be called a community, but on a small scale.

We can say that the community is a group of people who are in the same place where most of the interactions occur between individuals who are in the same group. For example, when you are in a traffic jam, you and the people around you can be called a community because you interact with each other. Then, for example, when you are in class,

Like you, with your friends and your teacher who is teaching in front of the class, we can also call it a community. Because you are in the same place and you are interacting with each other.

Just like in your house, there are fathers, mothers, siblings, sisters, grandparents, grandparents, grandparents. Well, if they are in the same place and interact with each other, we can call them a community. So, the community can be large, but it can also be very small. Then, what about human behavior? Imagine you are riding a motorcycle on a public road.

and you get stuck in traffic. The vehicles behind you keep honking, so that the vehicles in front of you keep on going. But because the vehicles in front of you don't keep on going, the other vehicles keep on honking. So you keep on going.

On the other hand, you've tried to be patient not to make your horn sound. But you're triggered or shocked to make your horn sound because of other actions too. Without realizing it, what people around you are doing finally affects you to make a move, right? But it's not just a direct action like making your horn sound that can change your actions. Like for example,

When you or your parents choose which bike to buy, do you want the Matic or the Copling? It can also be influenced by others, right? Like for example, because of ads or because neighbors choose the most popular brand. You also become confident to buy the same brand.

Well, some of the examples earlier are examples of human behavior. Of course, there are all kinds of human behavior, right? So when we say that sociology is science about society and human behavior, it means sociology is very broad, even wider than other sciences that are combined in the social science group.

Social sciences such as economics, history, geography, they have different focuses and perspectives. All of them, including sociology, try to see social phenomena more objectively by looking for patterns through repeated observation. So what makes sociology different from other social sciences?

So sociology examines the community from all aspects and this is done both on a small scale, for example, a group of friends, to a large scale, such as the interaction between Indonesian people and neighboring countries. Sociology studies all this through a unique perspective.

There are several perspectives of sociology. First, sociology sees the general from a set of specific phenomena. Seeing the general in the particular. And second, seeing the strange from the common phenomena. Seeing the strange in the familiar.

Well, the general view of a set of specific phenomena is used to understand social behavior in society with a broader context. I mean, sociologists are looking for a general pattern in the behavior of certain people, even though each individual is unique.

community members can be divided into various categories that are more general. For example, there are children, there are adults, there are women, there are men, there are rich people, there are poor people. Well, when we look at society from a more general perspective, we can see that the life experiences experienced by each group are different.

but in a certain group, they have a pretty similar lifestyle. Then the second perspective, seeing things that are foreign from common phenomena or seeing the strange in the familiar. Well, this pushes us to always look for uniqueness in the midst of common phenomena or what we usually encounter. For example,

we might be used to traffic jams happening on the streets every morning. Especially if you live in Jakarta. So, we'll soon accept that Jakarta is indeed a traffic jam. But if we look at the traffic jam phenomenon from a sociological perspective, we will definitely wonder, "Why can traffic jams happen?" "Is it because of too many cars?" "Or maybe the road is too narrow?"

So we don't just sit and wait, we accept what usually happens. We try to find something that's different from the phenomenon that happened. Well, actually there are many things that we can see from the traffic. Maybe you're sick of what's called traffic and think that traffic is something bad.

But calm down first. When you're learning sociology, leave the thoughts that come from our opinions aside. Because to understand a social phenomenon that happens in society, you need to throw away all your assumptions first. So that you can see all the phenomena in society objectively. So we can explain a phenomenon in reality without our own view.

And this is one of the characteristics of sociology that is called non-ethical because we don't think about whether the problem is good or bad for ourselves. Then, besides non-ethical, there are actually three other characteristics. The second one is called empiric.

The meaning of this empiricism is that the phenomena we convey are based on the results of discovery, observation, and are not speculative, or just opinions from theory.

From the case of the traffic jam, you must have clear data about the cause of the traffic jam, such as how wide the road is, how many cars pass by, and how many motorcycles pass by, and other data that can support you to discuss the phenomenon that happened. The next sociology characteristics are theoretical.

It means that sociology is a science of knowledge that tries to arrange conclusions from observations to explain the causes and effects so that it can be a theory. And the last one is cumulative. In sociology, we can use existing theories to be rearranged to form a new conclusion. Here's how. We can use the Venn diagram, for example.

The first study, for example, said that traffic jams are caused by increased personal vehicle purchases. Then the other study said that using a personal car has a special feature. Well, from these two, we can conclude by taking the cut. If traffic jams are caused by many people using personal vehicles.

Okay, friends, in this video we have learned about what sociology is. So sociology is a science that studies the society and also human behavior. In sociology, we try to understand social phenomena in everyday life and also see the society from the smallest scale to the largest scale.

Then we also got to know the two perspectives of sociology and discussed how the difference between sociology and other sciences And finally we also learned about the characteristics of sociology, which include non-ethical, theoretical, empirical, and cumulative

If you want to know more about sociology, you can click the timestamp below this video. See you in the next video. Bye!