Apa itu DEMOKRASI ? | Seri Sejarah dan Asal-usul

Hi democracy

Hi what is democracy

Hi as a citizen of the

Republic of Indonesia we often hear the

term democracy spoken

or written

Hi but maybe we still don't

understand what democracy actually is

Hi well in this video from Japan

will explain about the origin of the word

democracy What is the meaning of democracy

according to figures a little history

about democracy characteristics of

governments that adhere to a

democratic system what are the principles of democracy what are the

types and kinds of democracy what

are the advantages and disadvantages of

democracy and which countries

adhere to the democratic system

[Music]

Let's start from the first, namely the origin of the word

democracy democracy comes

from the words demos and Kratos where demos

itself means people and Kratos

means power which when combined

means literally the power of the

people

Hi then according to several

historical figures they have their own definition

of democracy which usually

depends on their political understanding

that they adhere to at that time I was the

first from Franklin D Roosevelt he

stated that Let us not forget

that the government is

ourselves and not a foreign power over

us the main ruler of our democracy is

not a president and

Senators and members of congress to

government officials but the voters in

this country Then the second according to Benito

Mussolini who was known as a fascist according to

him democracy is only beautiful in

theory in practice it is a

mistake according to Mussolini yes

not feeling plagiarized next

understanding of democracy according to Aristotle

namely Democracy is when the

poor people are in power

and not the people from the wealthy

furthermore one of the

presidents of the United States Indeed famous

late

and count stated that Democracy

is a system of government

organized from the people by the people

and for the people

Hi Well that's enough plaque Give

some definitions of democracy from

several historical figures easy next

we will go back to

find out how the history of

democracy is

Hi the concept of democracy first appeared

around 508 to 507 BC

by a

lawmaker from the ancient Greek kingdom

precisely came from the Athenian language

named kleisthenes democracy that

occurred at that time was a

direct democracy system where

random elections took place from citizens to

choose who could serve in

several administrative and

government offices and finally a

legislative assembly was formed consisting of

all citizens of Athens all citizens who met the

requirements were allowed to speak

and vote in the assembly

to regulate the law in the City and

country of Athens

Hi easy sajja was in the

Spartan nation in 700 AD in the city of

Sparta voting was held with a system

score where each voter

gives a score for each

candidate and later the candidate

with the highest score will be

the winner. The voting takes place

during the ceremony of the apela held by the

Spartans once a month which is indeed

held to elect leaders and pot

ingini can only be followed by those

who are male and

at least 30 years old

Hi then next is

During the Roman Republic The Roman Republic

itself is often considered as

one of the nations that

contributed the most to the

democratic system, especially because they were the

first to use a

republican government system among

Western civilizations at that time Rome itself

adopted a lot from the

ancient Greeks regarding their government system

but many modern state governments

today adopt more

Roman-style democracy and not Greek This is

because the application of the democratic system

in Rome is more comprehensive and shapes the

character of their country than the

application of democracy by

other nations at that time the Romans implemented

democracy into every aspect of the country

such as having a Legislative Council in

the form of a senate which is a representative of

the people who play a role in formulating

laws and determining regional leaders

Hi The representative system is currently

better known as representative democracy

then we go to the

Middle Ages in this era many

voting systems have emerged

Although it is not on a national scale and is

only carried out by a small part of

society, some examples are

like the first election Gopala

by the upper caste in Bengalon then

the formation of the Polish-

Lithuanian Commonwealth then voting occurred

several City states or city states

from Italy survived like Venice

then there was the name of the old system in

early medieval Ireland then

there was also the election of the Caliph Uthman bin

Affan using an electric system and

many others

eh one of the events that was quite

important for the development of democracy in

Western Culture was when

England made the Magna Charta agreement

in 1215 the agreement made

between King John and the church

contained the King's agreement

to protect the rights of the church and the

nobles which were then approved by

representatives of the nobility consisting of

25 people the initial form of the

English parliament was strengthened in

1265 which was called the Simon De

Montfort parliament where Montford gathered

representatives from various circles

although it still did not involve the people

Hai then in North America

the government with a representative form

was formed in Gemstone Virginia with

the election of the assembly of burgesses which existed

before the Virginia general assembly in

1619 then in North America also the

English Puritans who migrated since

1620 established colonies in

New England whose regional governments

were democratic and then

ultimately encouraged the development of

democracy in the United States as a

whole However, because at that time

the United States was not yet independent and

became a single country, although the

regional assemblies had little

power, its absolute authority was still

held by the king and the British parliament,

now we move on to the modern era, the

first nation in modern history to

adopt a democratic constitution was the

Republic of Corsica in 1755.

The Constitution of the Republic of Corsica was

based on the principles of

the Enlightenment, it

already allowed women the right to vote, a right

that was only granted in other democracies in the

20th century. In 1789,

post-revolutionary France adopted the

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the

Citizen and a National Convention was elected

by all male citizens in

1762. The 20th century transition to

liberal democracy emerged in

a series of waves of democracy

caused by the war, revolution,

decolonization, religion, and

economic conditions in the 1920s,

democracy flourished but was

hampered by the Great

Depression that occurred in the

United States at that time, even countries

in Latin America and Asia immediately

changed to a system of absolute power, the

dictatorship of fascism and the

new dictatorship in Germany with its Nazis, then

Italy, Spain, and Portugal, and there were

also democratic regimes. Yes, there are

bolts,

right? Brazil, Cuba, China, and Japan.

Snow every year in 1960, many countries

have used a democratic system,

even though most of the world's population

lives in countries that carry out

controlled elections and

other forms of deception,

especially in communist countries and their

former colonies. The worsening economic conditions

in the 1940s, accompanied

by dissatisfaction with

Soviet oppression, were factors in the collapse of the

Soviet Union, which marked the end of the

Cold War and the beginning of

democratization and generalization of

former Eastern Bloc countries.

Most of the newly adopted democracies that were

geographically and culturally successful in

implementing democracy are located

in the Western European area. They are now

generally members or candidates for

membership of the European Union, and even Russia,

after the collapse of the Soviet Union, turned

into a republic and adopted a

democratic system, although a number of

researchers consider Russia not

true love and more like a

dictatorship. This trend of liberalization and

democracy spread to several

countries in Africa in the 1950s,

including South Africa, then also

spread to other regions, such as

in our own country, Indonesia, which

occurred in 1958, marking

the beginning of the reform era. Then there was also the

Yugoslav bulldozer revolution, the

Mawardi revolution. Jordanian revolution people in

Ukraine conscious revolution Lebanon

tulip revolution in Kyrgyzstan and Yasmin revolution

in Tunisia

free download Freedom house in

2007 there were 123 electoral democratic countries

which had increased from the

previous number of only 40 in 1972 then

according to the World forum on democracy the number of

electoral democratic countries reached 120

out of 192 countries in the world and had

covered 5802 percent of the world's population

at the same time

liberal democratic countries which were considered by

Freedom house as free countries

and respecting the law and human rights numbered

85 and covered 38 percent of the world's population

and Then in 2010 the United

Nations or UN

declared September 15 as

international democracy day Hi then

next What are the

characteristics of a government that

adheres to a democratic system

Hi a government system can be

called a democracy if it

has the following characteristics the

first is constitutional characteristics which

are characteristics of democracy

related to the will of the interests

and power of the people which are confirmed

in the constitution and laws

in force in the country So what does the

constitution in a democratic country mean?

contains the interests of

the people

Hi Then the second characteristic of representation

is the characteristic of democracy

related to the sovereignty of the people

represented by a number of people who

have been chosen by the people themselves

Hi the model of tajwid the characteristic of general elections

is the characteristic of democracy

related to political activities to

choose a party in government

or a party that will govern

then the characteristic of political parties which is the

characteristic of democracy related

to parties being a means or media

as part of the implementation of the

democratic system next is the characteristic of

power which is the characteristic of

democracy related to the

division of power and separation of

powers then the last is the

characteristic of responsibility which is the

characteristic of democracy related

to the responsibility of the party that

has been elected

Hi so the party that has been elected to

power cannot just believe it is easy

they must be

responsible to the people and must

prioritize the interests of the people that

have been stated in the constitution what is the

principle of democracy itself

whatever form of government system

usually always has

basic principles that are firmly held as a

benchmark for the success of the system

well in a democratic government system

the principles that exist And

must be considered by the government

that wants to adopt this system are

as follows first the sovereignty of the

people then government based on the

consent of the governed namely

verse then power by the majority

continued the rights of minorities

then there is a guarantee of

human rights, free, fair and

honest elections then equality before the law,

aka no discrimination, then a

fair legal process

and constitutional government restrictions,

which means here it is

not possible for a

government to turn into a

dictatorship, for example, then

there is socio-economic and

political pluralism and finally the principle of

democracy is the values ​​of

tolerance, pragmatism, cooperation and

also consensus

Hi, democracy itself is not only

one kind, there are various types and

kinds of democracy, among others,

are as follows, the first

is the basic form of democracy,

namely direct democracy, then

representative democracy,

then parliamentary democracy, then presidential

democracy, then

mixed democracy, democracy itself

also has other forms, for example,

as follows, the first is a

constitutional monarchy, namely a

kingdom that also has a

parliament, so a kingdom that

adheres to a constitutional monarchy

can no longer rule absolutely but

must follow the constitution or

applicable laws that have been

agreed upon together

Hi then another form of democracy

is the Republic, namely as implemented

in our country, then there is also

liberal democracy, then there is also

anarchist socialism, sortation or rattan,

which means that decision makers,

leaders are chosen randomly, then

consociational, which means democracy

whose power is divided then

there is also supranational consensus democracy

inclusive democracy

participatory politics then

Cosmopolitan democracy or Global democracy

then creative democracy and guided democracy

Hi of course no government system is

perfect including

democracy itself well Next

please provide What are the

advantages and disadvantages of the

democratic government system a

government system that is successfully

implemented in a country is not necessarily

appropriate to be adapted by other countries

and that is true because

every government system always has

advantages and disadvantages so

what are the advantages of democracy first

democracy will be fairer because it

allows people who live in

a country to decide who will

lead or govern them

general elections that usually exist in

democratic countries are the best way

to establish legitimacy for a

leader or a government in the

modern world because the community is indeed

chosen by the majority of the people so that

usually there will be political stability

Hi then the next advantage of democracy

is as an

effective way to ensure a

smoother transition when the government and

leaders change for example after

the end of their term of office next the

democratic system is good at ensuring

openness and monitoring corruption this is

because competing political groups are

constantly

trying to expose

each other's mistakes and crimes especially

the government that is in power at that time

wave

Hi then next in the

democratic system citizens already know that

they have the right to vote and that the

leader or government might

change in the next election

so the tendency is not

to riot, general strike or

rebellion, then a

democratic government tends not to go to

war with another country, this is because

the government in power generally

needs the support of the people

behind them easily,

then democracy encourages a sense of

belonging in every citizen

because they feel they can

participate fully in the

political process, namely by having the right to vote,

So next, what are the

disadvantages of democracy, there are several

disadvantages of democracy that we also need to

know, so not everything about

democracy is good things,

first, because

leaders or governments are generally elected

to serve the community for a

certain period of time, which is around 4/5,

making the government

often not look beyond the

next election or beyond

their term of government, so

sometimes some social,

environmental and economic problems are not

resolved because some

require long-term solutions that

cannot be covered in just five

years, then another weakness of democracy

is the existence of tyranny from the

majority which will certainly be very

threatening to minority groups because

with the limited time of government,

leaders or governments

usually serve the interests of the

largest social groups and ignore

or even oppress minority rights,

then this democracy is very dependent

on historical and cultural factors of

a country, especially because

this democracy has its roots in

ancient Greek and Roman culture which is in Europe

so it may not be suitable

for Eastern countries and also in

Africa

Hi then next another similarity

is democracy can produce

lopsided coalitions or

endless disputes and eventually

political deadlock other political systems

in this case are easier to

direct towards the desired results

even ancient Rome itself was more successful

under the leadership of Julius Caesar who at

that time led autocratically than

under a

democratic government then the

next weakness of democracy

democracy requires

educated and knowledgeable people because

if people are less educated the

political process can be more easily

manipulated and this is distorted by

a biased media company or

a group that has a

certain agenda then democracy also

relies too much on

individual needs and encourages people to

choose selfishly thinking only

for their own interests rather than

thinking what is

best for the country in

Luhan then conflicts of interest

can sometimes occur where a

politician or government must

decide between acting in the

best interests of the country or to

increase their chances of being

re-elected yes often they

Kamil the last yes then the

election process itself or elections usually

takes a lot of time and a

large amount of money you could say there are around

billions of money spent on

political campaigns which are actually

better used for other things that are

more useful than when campaigning

and finally the weakness of democracy

that carries the election

finally pushes politicians to

make promises that they know

they cannot keep just to be

elected he may not

all politicians are like that but that is the

risk that may occur when

campaigning

Hi Well next which countries

have a democratic system there are

several countries that run a

democratic government system but

will be randomly divided into countries

that are considered to adhere to democracy

fully and then countries that are considered to

adhere to imperfect democracy the

first countries that are considered to

adhere to full democracy are

Norway Iceland Denmark Sweden

New Zealand Australia Switzerland Canada Finland Netherlands

Luxembourg Ireland Austria Germany

Malta Czech Republic

Uruguay United Kingdom United States

Costa Rica Japan South Korea happy

then sius and Spain then countries

that are considered to adhere to imperfect democracy

are as follows

Argentina band-in-a-box warnet successful

Google Yes caferday or Cape Verde

Chile Colombia Croatia sip

in Dominican Republic El Salvador Estonia

France dana Greece guyana hungary

Indonesia-India Israel Italy Jamaica

Latvia Lesotho Lithuania Macedonia

Malaysia Wali Mexico Moldova Mongolia a

Montenegro and media arrow wapwon New Guinea

Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal

Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia

South Africa Sri Lanka Suriname Taiwan

Thailand Timor-Leste Trinidad and Tobago

and Zambia well hopefully

this rather long explanation about

democracy medal definition a little

history characteristics principles and then

the advantages and disadvantages of democracy

you can understand and can further

increase your understanding of

democracy itself and what is its essence

and application and learn What

are the advantages and disadvantages

Hi if you still have questions

You can leave them in the comments column

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