Pengantar ilmu Sosiologi - Sosiologi

[Music]

sociology comes from Latin,

namely sosius which means friend and

logos which means science so that

sociology is a science that studies

society there are things that

underlie the emergence of sociology,

namely the industrial revolution and the

French revolution Why are these two revolutions the

background to the existence of

sociology, my friends, if

you know, the revolution is a

rapid change that occurs in the main or

basic life of the

first revolution that underlies the

emergence of sociology is the

French revolution the French revolution is a

change that occurs in the

government system in France because at

first the government system was an

absolute monarchy, an absolute monarchy, namely a

government in which the ruler

has full power because it

does not have legal boundaries that

bind it with

this form of absolute monarchy, the people

experience arbitrariness by the

rulers, my friends, one of the

symbols of cruelty At this time, namely the

Bastille prison which was the

first target of this revolution, the Bastille prison was

broken into by the people because along

with the journey the people wanted to go towards

looting and think rationally and

achieve

common prosperity meanwhile the industrial revolution

that occurred in England occurred because of

the invention of machines that made the

industrial sector develop but

this made a reduction in human labor

that was replaced by machines In addition,

people in

industrial areas experienced economic growth

while people outside the

industrial sector experienced shortages.

Based on this background,

experts emerged who analyzed and

described the French revolution and the

industrial revolution, one of which was

Auguste Komte. Auguste Komte gave the

term to the science that studies

society with sociology. According to

Auguste Komte, there needs to be a science that

studies society and

directs society in his hope that

existing developments can lead to

better things and in accordance with the

goals of life together.

Komte's thoughts were poured into the book Positive

Philosophy in

1838. He spread the science that studies

society and the social changes

that occur and the impacts

resulting from social change.

Sociology emerged in Europe in the

19th century AD, which was motivated by the

industrial revolution and the

French revolution. After we learned about

how sociology emerged, now

we learn about the characteristics of sociology

as a science. First, sociology is

empirical, meaning

sociology is a science that is

based on real

or objective observations. Second,

sociology is theoretical, meaning

this science is based on a

logical framework and explains the

causal relationship of the results of

observations. Third, Sociology is

cumulative, meaning sociology is

based on existing theories but

can also be expanded, strengthened, or

improved from the existing theory, the

fourth is that sociology is

non-ethical, meaning that sociology does not

look at the good and bad of a

problem, my friends. The

scope of sociological studies is

broader than other social sciences

because it includes aspects of social interaction

that occur in the community environment.

Well, here is the scope

of sociological studies, the first is the

interaction relationship or

reciprocal relationship between one human being and

another, the second is the

reciprocal relationship between one individual and a

group, the third is the

reciprocal relationship between groups and

groups, and the last is the various types

of social group characteristics.

So what is the object of study of

sociology? The object is the intended target,

while the study is

the discussion, so the object of study is the

target of discussion in sociology. Well,

according to the initial understanding, the

target of discussion in sociology

is society, such as sociology, which

means the science of society, but

more broadly there are two objects of study

in sociology, namely material objects and

formal objects. The first is material objects,

as the name suggests, material objects in

sociological studies are all phenomena

or symptoms that affect

social life. These material objects can be

physical aspects and non-physical aspects, my

friends, physical aspects are objects

such as cars, motorbikes, markets, schools, money,

cell phones, etc., while the

non-physical aspects are in the form of ideas, such as ideas,

language, rules, traditions,

etc., the second is formal objects,

formal objects in sociology. Sociological studies are

social interactions and socialization that

occur in society. Then how do we

differentiate formal objects and

material objects? Simply put, material objects are

social phenomena that we can feel

their existence, while in

formal objects we not only feel them but

also interact directly in

them, such as social interactions and

socialization. But let's discuss more

specifically about the objects studied

in sociology, both material

and formal objects. Sociological study objects

in general can discuss

society, social interactions, values, norms,

and socialization. These five objects

will be discussed later while you

study sociology in high school, little

brothers and sisters. Explain a little about

these five things, yes. The first is

about society. Yes, society is the

main object in the study of sociology. The core

of the study of sociology is society,

so from society

various kinds of phenomena and phenomena that are

studied in sociology arise. Second, namely

social interaction. Social interaction is a

reciprocal relationship between individuals

and individuals or individuals with

groups or groups with

groups. Next is social values ​​and

norms. Values ​​are something that is

considered good and bad in

society, while norms are all

forms of rules in the form of commands or

prohibitions that are determined based on

joint decisions. Well, values ​​and norms

usually exist in society so that

society can live in an orderly and mutually

harmonious way. The

last is about

socialization. Socialization is a

process of instilling values ​​and norms for

individuals and groups in

society. This socialization will

also be related to the values ​​of Den norms

because the values ​​of de norms that exist in

society need to be socialized

before being implemented in that society.